Le modèle biopsychosocial et le nouvel humanisme médical

Bolton, Derek; Tinland, Julia; Giroux, Élodie; Ferry-Danini, Juliette

doi:10.3917/aphi.834.0013

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, adherence to the BMM (or to any model or line of thought, by whatever name, which regards biological processes alone as being causally relevant to health and disease) will have to construe these other matters in another way, broadly not as science, but as 'art'. There is of course a grand tradition of this approach in medical theorizingsee, for example, Nassir Ghaemi (Ghaemi, 2010) and Engel argued against it, favoring rather a broadly scientific-investigatory approach to understanding and improving, for example, receptive and expressive clinical communication skills, and institutional supports of clinical professional care (Bolton, 2020;Engel, 1978Engel, , 1980. The revitalized, cross-disciplinary BPSM proposed here can be used to theorize personal and institutional factors relevant to clinical care and highlight their role as critical and not merely discretionary considerations.…”

Section: Derek Boltonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revitalized biopsychosocial model: core theory, research paradigms, and clinical implications

Bolton

2023

Psychol. Med.

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The biopsychosocial model (BPSM) was proposed by George Engel in 1977 as an improvement to the biomedical model (BMM), to take account of psychological and social as well as biological factors relevant to health and disease. Since then the BPSM has had a mixed reputation, as the overarching framework for psychiatry, perhaps for medicine generally, while also being criticized for being theoretically and empirically vacuous. Over the past few decades, substantial evidence has accumulated supporting the BPSM but its theory remains less clear. The first part of this paper reviews recent well-known, general theories in the relevant sciences that can provide a theoretical framework of the model, constituting a revitalized BPSM capable of theorizing causal interactions within and between biological, psychological, and social domains. Fundamental concepts in this new framework include causation as regulation and dysfunction as dysregulation. Associated research paradigms are outlined in Part 2. Research in psychological therapies and social epidemiology are major examples of programs that have produced results anomalous for the BMM and consistent with the BPSM. Theorized models of causal mechanisms enrich empirical data and two biopsychosocial examples are models of chronic stress and pain perception. Clinical implications are reviewed in Part 3. The BPSM accommodates psychological and social as well as biological treatment effects evident in the clinical trials literature. Personal, interpersonal, and institutional aspects of clinical care are out of the scope of the BMM, assigned to the art of healthcare rather than the science, but can be accommodated and theorized in the BPSM.

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Section: Derek Boltonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revitalized biopsychosocial model: core theory, research paradigms, and clinical implications

Bolton

2023

Psychol. Med.

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“…Nous entendons le terme « substance psychoactive » comme substance chimique qui a des effets sur le système nerveux central et peut modifier la cognition, l'humeur, le comportement et la perception d'une personne (OMS, s.d).2 En médecine et en psychologie, ce modèle introduit par George Engel propose une approche visant à prendre en compte les facteurs biologiques, psychologiques et sociaux influençant l'apparition d'une pathologie(Bolton, 2020).…”

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Prévenir les consommations de substances psychoactives par l’intervention en milieu de travail

Fettah,

Vallery

2024

Humain Et Organisation

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<p>In a society where workers are using psychoactive substances in their workplace, what type of prevention can we propose in order to limit the risks? The aim of this research is to contribute to the improvement of current prevention systems. This work is grounded within an Inter-company Occupational Health and Prevention Service (IOHPS). Data were collected during four prevention interventions in companies affiliated with the service. These interventions were documented to assist in the development of new collective and primary prevention approaches for substance use in the workplace. Developing preventive actions in the workplace requires collective and multidisciplinary collaboration between occupational health professionals and company stakeholders. Based on studies conducted on the analysis of mental health interventions in the workplace, our results confirmed the importance of the five essential conditions that facilitate the development of actions highlighted by Rouat (Rouat, 2010; Rouat et al., 2021). They also identified two additional conditions: the establishment of a common set of representations and the preexistence of a framework that facilitates prevention. We have identified a set of factors that can constrain these interventions. Thus, performance-driven approaches to occupational health, lack of support in implementing interdisciplinary projects, or the digitalization of relationships between occupational health stakeholders can influence the success of substance use prevention projects. Given that addictive behaviours intersect personal and professional spheres, we emphasize the importance of applying occupational and organizational psychology principles in this area of intervention.</p>

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Conceptual scaffolding for the philosophy of medicine

Friedman

2024

Med Health Care and Philos

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This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, I will introduce a philosophical toolbox that I call ‘conceptual scaffolding,’ which helps to reflect holistically on phenomena and concepts. I situate this framework within the landscape of conceptual analysis and conceptual engineering, exemplified by the debate about the concept of disease. Within the framework of conceptual scaffolding, I develop the main idea of the paper, which is ‘the binocular model of plural medicine’, a holistic framework for analyzing medical concepts and phenomena. In the second part, I demonstrate the use and value of the binocular model by analyzing, through the lenses of the model, the phenomenon of health wearable devices and their effects on the concept of diagnosis.

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Le modèle biopsychosocial et le nouvel humanisme médical

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

A revitalized biopsychosocial model: core theory, research paradigms, and clinical implications

A revitalized biopsychosocial model: core theory, research paradigms, and clinical implications

Prévenir les consommations de substances psychoactives par l’intervention en milieu de travail

Conceptual scaffolding for the philosophy of medicine

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