Le phénomène de l’inhibition de retour dans la schizophrénie : revue de la littérature

Kébir, Oussama; Azouz, Olfa Ben; Amado, Isabelle; Tabbane, Karim

doi:10.1016/j.encep.2007.07.006

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 69 publications

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“…Late attention indicators also depended heavily on having the individual focus on task-relevant external spatial reference frames, an ability that has been compromised in patients with schizophrenia (Dreben et al, 1995; Parnas et al, 2001; Johnson et al, 2005; Cavezian et al, 2007; Coleman et al, 2009; Landgraf et al, 2011b). In fact, patients with chronic schizophrenia have been found to display a deficit in the disengagement and reorientation of attention (Posner et al, 1988; Daban et al, 2004; Gouzoulis-Mayfrank et al, 2007; Kebir et al, 2008, 2010) even without medication (Amado et al, 2009). Hence, the interaction between bottom-up and top-down processes may provide insight into the immunity against psychosis that blind individuals appear to have (see the Protective Mechanism “Cognition” in Table 1).…”

Section: The Blindness Perspective On Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“To see or not to see: that is the question.” The “Protection-Against-Schizophrenia” (PaSZ) model: evidence from congenital blindness and visuo-cognitive aberrations

Landgraf¹,

Osterheider²

2013

Front. Psychol.

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The causes of schizophrenia are still unknown. For the last 100 years, though, both “absent” and “perfect” vision have been associated with a lower risk for schizophrenia. Hence, vision itself and aberrations in visual functioning may be fundamental to the development and etiological explanations of the disorder. In this paper, we present the “Protection-Against-Schizophrenia” (PaSZ) model, which grades the risk for developing schizophrenia as a function of an individual's visual capacity. We review two vision perspectives: (1) “Absent” vision or how congenital blindness contributes to PaSZ and (2) “perfect” vision or how aberrations in visual functioning are associated with psychosis. First, we illustrate that, although congenitally blind and sighted individuals acquire similar world representations, blind individuals compensate for behavioral shortcomings through neurofunctional and multisensory reorganization. These reorganizations may indicate etiological explanations for their PaSZ. Second, we demonstrate that visuo-cognitive impairments are fundamental for the development of schizophrenia. Deteriorated visual information acquisition and processing contribute to higher-order cognitive dysfunctions and subsequently to schizophrenic symptoms. Finally, we provide different specific therapeutic recommendations for individuals who suffer from visual impairments (who never developed “normal” vision) and individuals who suffer from visual deterioration (who previously had “normal” visual skills). Rather than categorizing individuals as “normal” and “mentally disordered,” the PaSZ model uses a continuous scale to represent psychiatrically relevant human behavior. This not only provides a scientific basis for more fine-grained diagnostic assessments, earlier detection, and more appropriate therapeutic assignments, but it also outlines a trajectory for unraveling the causes of abnormal psychotic human self- and world-perception.

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