Introduction:
Acute coronary syndrome is a medical emergency resulting from sudden obstruction of the coronary artery. The main objective of this study was to describe the pattern of rhythm abnormalities at the early stage of acute coronary syndrome and their possible associated factors in Brazzaville (Congo).
Methods:
A prospective and analytical study was carried out in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. We included consecutively all patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and having carried out a Holter-electrocardiogram (EKG) during the first 24 h.
Results:
The study concerned 59 patients. Coronary syndrome including ST segment elevation in 54 patients (91.5%) and without ST elevation in five patients (8.5%). The location of electrocardiographic abnormalities was anterosepto-apical (30.5%), extensive anterior (22%), anteroseptal (20.3%), inferior (17%), lateral (6.8%), and apicolateral (3.4%). Rhythm and conduction abnormalities on Holter-EKG were supraventricular extrasystole (49.2%), ventricular extrasystole (47.5%), atrioventricular block (6.8%), atrial fibrillation (3.4%), and ventricular tachycardia (3.4%). No relationship was found between clinico-biological factors and the occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles.
Conclusion:
The early stage of acute coronary syndrome was mostly associated to ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles without link with clinico-biological factors.