LEA proteins prevent protein aggregation due to water stress

Goyal, Kshamata; Walton, Laura J.; Tunnacliffe, Alan

doi:10.1042/bj20041931

Cited by 714 publications

(607 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Additionally, sweetie shows altered expression for late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) genes and many DREB2-type TFs. LEAs are anti-aggregation proteins that together with trehalose protect plant cells during the dehydration typical of abiotic stresses such as cold and drought 53 , whereas DREB2A and DREB2B are key transcription factors regulating responses to dehydration and high-salinity stresses 54 . In birch, DREB TFs have been associated with cold acclimation and winter hardiness 55 .…”

Section: Candidate Gene Adaptation Correlates With Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch

Salojärvi¹,

Smolander²,

Nieminen³

et al. 2017

Nat Genet

246

253

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Forest ecosystems maintain a large share of Northern Hemisphere biodiversity. Boreal forests comprise roughly 30% of global forest area 1 and contain the highest tree density among climate zones 2 . Moreover, boreal regions are undergoing extensive climate change. Annual temperature increases exceeding 1.5 °C are projected to result in a warming of 4-11 °C by the end of this century, with little concomitant increase in precipitation 1 . At this pace, climate zones will shift northward at a greater speed than trees can migrate 3 . To understand how future populations of forest trees may respond to climate change, it is essential to uncover past and present signatures of molecular adaptation in their genomes. Silver birch, B. pendula, is a pioneer species in boreal forests of Eurasia. Flowering of the species can be artificially accelerated 4 , giving it an advantage over other tree species with published genome sequences (such as poplar 5 , spruce 6 , and pine 7 ) for the optimization of fiber and biomass production.Here we sequenced 150 birch individuals and assembled a B. pendula reference genome from a fourth-generation inbred line, resulting in a high-quality assembly of 435 Mb that was linked to chromosomes using a dense genetic map. We analyzed SNPs in the genomes of 80 birch individuals spanning most of the geographic range of B. pendula, as well as seven other members of Betulaceae. Population genomic analyses of these data provide insights into the deep-time evolution of the birch family and on recent natural selection acting on silver birch.Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a pioneer boreal tree that can be induced to flower within 1 year. Its rapid life cycle, small (440-Mb) genome, and advanced germplasm resources make birch an attractive model for forest biotechnology. We assembled and chromosomally anchored the nuclear genome of an inbred B. pendula individual. Gene duplicates from the paleohexaploid event were enriched for transcriptional regulation, whereas tandem duplicates were overrepresented by environmental responses. Population resequencing of 80 individuals showed effective population size crashes at major points of climatic upheaval. Selective sweeps were enriched among polyploid duplicates encoding key developmental and physiological triggering functions, suggesting that local adaptation has tuned the timing of and cross-talk between fundamental plant processes. Variation around the tightlylinked light response genes PHYC and FRS10 correlated with latitude and longitude and temperature, and with precipitation for PHYC. Similar associations characterized the growth-promoting cytokinin response regulator ARR1, and the wood development genes KAK and MED5A.A full list of affiliations appears at the end of the paper.

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Section: Candidate Gene Adaptation Correlates With Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch

Salojärvi¹,

Smolander²,

Nieminen³

et al. 2017

Nat Genet

246

253

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“…Although prevalent in desiccated seeds, they decrease significantly once germination begins [25]. They are characterised by being rich in hydrophilic amino acids (such as lysine and glycine) ordered in repeated sequences [28], which results in hydrophilic side chains that are thought to interact with, and protect hydrophilic proteins during desiccation by causing aggregation [29]. In an attempt to further understand this diverse group of proteins they have been categorised on the basis of the presence or absence of specific sequence motifs [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel late embryogenesis abundant protein and peroxidase associated with black point in barley grains

et al. 2007

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Black point of barley grain is a disorder characterised by a brown-black discolouration at the embryo end of the grain. Black point is undesirable to the malting industry and results in significant economic loss annually. To identify proteins associated with barley black point we utilised a proteomic approach with 2-DE to compare proteins from whole grain samples of black pointed and healthy grain. From this comparison two condition-specific proteins were identified: a novel 75 kDa late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein and a barley grain peroxidase 1 (BP1) that were specifically more abundant in healthy grain and black pointed grain, respectively. Although LEA protein was less abundant in black pointed grain, LEA gene expression was greater suggesting protein degradation had possibly occurred in black pointed grain. Similarly, the increase in BP1 in black pointed grain could not be explained by gene expression. Western blot analysis also revealed that the identified LEA protein is biotinylated in vivo. The role that each of these proteins might have in black point development is discussed.

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“…Structural shifts such as superhelical filamentous, coiled coil like structures in group 3a (SF2) and other categories of LEA proteins depend on the availability of water suggesting that LEAs may form part of the cytoskeleton (Wise and Tunnacliffe, 2004). However, recent studies indicate that LEA proteins do not behave as classical molecular chaperones but nevertheless do exhibit protective synergistic effect in the presence of trehalose suggesting the likelihood of its functioning as a molecular shield towards preventing the formation of damaged protein aggregates (Goyal et al, 2005). Blackman et al (1995) observed that in ABA-treated immature embryo axes, despite having high levels of LEA-like proteins, the electrolyte leakage was noticeably higher than that of the mature desiccation tolerant embryo axes and therefore surmised that the protection conferred by the LEAs might be during the recovery phase.…”

Section: Lea Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic approaches towards overcoming water deficit in plants - special emphasis on LEAs

Khurana

Vishnudasan

Chhibbar

2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Water deficit arises as a result of low temperature, salinity and dehydration, thereby affecting plant growth adversely and making it imperative for plants to surmount such situations by acclimatizing/adapting at various levels. Water deficit stress results in significant changes in gene expression, mediated by interconnected signal transduction pathways that may be triggered by calcium, and regulated via ABA dependent and/or independent pathways. Hence, adaptation of plants to such stresses involves maintaining cellular homeostasis, detoxification of harmful elements and also growth alterations. Stress in general cause excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plants overcome the same by either preventing the accumulation of ROS or by eliminating the ROS formed. Ion homeostasis includes processes such as cellular uptake, sequestration and export in conjunction with long distance transport. Requisite amounts of osmolytes are hence synthesized under stress to maintain turgor along with maintaining the macromolecular structures and also for scavenging ROS. Another noteworthy response is the accumulation of novel proteins, including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants, heat-shock proteins (HSPs), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, antifreeze proteins, chaperones, detoxification enzymes, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases. The LEAs belong to a redundant protein family and are highly hydrophilic, boiling-soluble, non-globular and therefore have been defined and classified accordingly. The precise function of LEAs is still unknown, but substantial evidence indicates their involvement in dessication tolerance as the expression of LEAs confers increased resistance to stress in heterologous yeast system and also significantly improves water deficit tolerance in transgenic plants. Genetic manipulation of plants towards conferring abiotic stress tolerance is a daunting task, as the abiotic stress tolerance mechanism is highly complex and various strategies have been exploited to address and evaluate the stress tolerance mechanism, and the molecular responses to water deficit via complex signaling networks. Genomic technologies have recently been useful in integrating the multigenicity of the plant stress responses through, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolite profilling and their interactions. This review deals with the recent developments on genetic approaches for water stress tolerance in plants, with special emphasis on LEAs.

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LEA proteins prevent protein aggregation due to water stress

Cited by 714 publications

References 45 publications

Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch

Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch

A novel late embryogenesis abundant protein and peroxidase associated with black point in barley grains

Genetic approaches towards overcoming water deficit in plants - special emphasis on LEAs

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