Leaching behavior of cement-natural clay composite incorporating real spent radioactive liquid scintillator

Eskander, S.B.; Bayoumi, T.A.; Saleh, Hosam M.

doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2013.03.022

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…New products can be designed that are inherently safer, while highly effective for the target application. For example, the direct incorporation of radioactive spent liquid scintillation waste into cement combined with clay materials is considered an added value in the immobilization of the hazardous organic wastes in very cheap materials and natural clay to produce a safe stabilized product easy for handling, transformation, and disposal [15,16].…”

Section: Design Safer Chemicals and Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Principles of Green Chemistry

Saleh¹,

Koller²

2018

Green Chemistry

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Section: Design Safer Chemicals and Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Principles of Green Chemistry

Saleh¹,

Koller²

2018

Green Chemistry

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“…Polymers also were impregnated with cement to increase the durability and reduce the porosity of cement, producing favorable composite suitable for many applications and resistive to various aggressive conditions [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Natural additives such as clay were mixed progressively with cement to treat the retardation property of organic solvent with cement [16,17].…”

Section: Cement Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Properties and Applications of Cement- Based Materials

Saleh¹,

Rahman²

2018

Cement Based Materials

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Cement-based materials have been used to support human civilizations many decades ago. With the increasing advancement of human activities, these materials were modified to maintain their roles in our lives. The main function of cement is to act as hydraulic binder, which increases the bond between fragmented particles, so it can enable their use in different fields. The resulted material will have different physical and mechanical properties from the initial materials. These changed properties are attributed to the exothermic hydration reactions that are initiated upon mixing the binder with water. The liberated localized heat will lead irreversible rearrangement of water molecules within the framework microstructure [1-3]. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most widely used cement. It is prepared by crushing, milling, and mixing calcium, iron, silica, alumina, and sulfate sources with certain amounts. Then, hydraulic cement is passed to the kiln to produce clinker, which is subsequently cooled and pulverized. Portland cement is categorized into eight subgroups according to the ASTM C150, namely normal (type I), moderate sulfate resistance (type II), high early strength (type III), low heat of hydration (type IV), high sulfate resistance (type V), normal, moderate sulfate resistance, and high early resistance with air entraining (types IA, IIA, IIIA), respectively [4]. There are four principal unhydrated phases present in all OPC types, namely tricalcium silicate (Ca 3 SiO 5), dicalcium silicate (Ca 2 SiO 4), tricalcium aluminate (Ca 3 Al 2 O 5), and calcium aluminoferrite (Ca 4 Al n Fe 2-n O 7). The formula of each of these minerals can be broken down into the basic calcium, silicon, aluminum, and iron oxides (Table 1). Cement chemists use abbreviated nomenclature based on oxides of various elements to indicate chemical formulae of relevant species, that is, C = CaO, S = SiO 2 ,A=A l 2 O 3 , and F = Fe 2 O 3. Hence, traditional cement nomenclature abbreviates each oxide as shown in Table 1 [1].

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“…1),2) Because of the porous structure of hardened cement, the leaching behavior of radionuclides in cement matrices attracts too much attention. 2), 3) Many inorganic admixtures, such as zeolites, 2),4) bentonites, 5) natural clays 3) and rice husk ash 6), 7) are adopted to enhance the leaching resistance of cement solidified blocks. However, acid and salt attack could cause dissolution and decalcification of the hardened cement, resulting in significant mechanical strength loss and reduction in the leaching resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative performance of cement and metakaolin based-geopolymer blocks for strontium immobilization

Tan

et al. 2019

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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This paper presents the comparative performance of ordinary Portland cement and metakaolin-based geopolymer blocks for strontium immobilization. The geopolymer solidified blocks had better leaching resistance in deionized water, sulfuric acid, magnesium sulfuric and acetic acid buffer solutions than the cemented blocks. Meanwhile, the geopolymer solidified blocks exhibited lower compressive strength loss after freeze-thaw cycles and high-temperature tests. The more dense and compact structure of the geopolymer specimens is more beneficial for the retention of the strontium radionuclide. Most of the strontium radionuclide within the geopolymer and cement solidified blocks may be incorporated into the amorphous gels. It could be concluded that the metakaolin based-geopolymer matrix exhibited much better solidification performance and appeared to be more suitable for radioactive waste immobilization.

show abstract

Leaching behavior of cement-natural clay composite incorporating real spent radioactive liquid scintillator

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Introductory Chapter: Principles of Green Chemistry

Introductory Chapter: Principles of Green Chemistry

Introductory Chapter: Properties and Applications of Cement- Based Materials

Comparative performance of cement and metakaolin based-geopolymer blocks for strontium immobilization

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