Leaching behavior of heavy metals from municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) fly ash used in concrete

Evaluation of the Pozzolanic Activity of Sewage Sludge Ash

“…Principal characteristics must be taken into account to use sewage sludge ash correctly in cement-based materials [26]. It was concluded that the leaching toxicity of sewage sludge ash blended cement is far lower than that of the national standards and minimum harmful matters can be contained and released in the environment [27]. Even sewage sludge ash containing high sulphate content is found to be compatible with cements with high C 3 A content as binder in mortars [28].…”

Selection of wet digestion methods for metal quantification in hazardous solid wastes

“…In addition, chemically treating and detoxifying the ash 35 improves its utilization as cement-additive, adsorbents and in 36 zeolite production [2]. An examination of research publications on 37 the leaching of fly ash [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] revealed that only few studies reported 38 the acid digestion protocols used. Moreover, different studies 39 adopted different protocols in solid digestion for metal quantifica-40 tion [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] (including wet digestion methods, and XRF [17]).…”

Evaluation of concrete production with solid residues obtained from fluidized-bed incineration of MSW-derived solid recovered fuel (SRF)

“…The environmental compatibility is an important issue and the waste reuse can contribute to the pollutant release in the environment [19,[21][22][23], especially when concrete is demolished or comes in contact with rain. To reduce the release of pollutants, many processes are proposed: the natural weathering of bottom ash (for about 2 months) to promote the carbonation (that involves the absorption of CO 2 , which causes pH decrease and improvement in leaching properties) [24]; different methods to perform an accelerated carbonation [25,26]; the washing of residues with water [18,27] or with chemical solutions [8,28]; the vitrification (at 1450°C) and subsequent crushing of residues [29].…”