Leaching behavior of lignite fly ash with shake and column tests

Ram, L. C.; Srivastava, Nishant; Tripathi, Ramesh C.; Thakur, Sanjay Kumar; Sinha, Arvind; Jha, S.K.; Masto, Reginald Ebhin; Mitra, S. K.

doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0403-1

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These results agree with other studies that show leaching of potential toxicants is lower, and within acceptable limits, from alkaline ash but higher from acidic FA (Praharaj et al, 2002). Because most of the FAs from India are alkaline in nature (Mishra and Shukla, 1986a, b), leaching of toxic constituents is less of a concern when they are being used in agriculture and silviculture (Khanra et al, 1998;Ram et al, 1999bRam et al, , 2000Ram et al, , 2007aKhan et al, 2000;Mukherjee and Zevenhoven, 2006). Kandlakuntha et al (2009) found no adverse effects on haematological, biochemical or histopathological parameters when rats were fed wheat grown on fly ash.…”

Section: Indian Fassupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The concentrations of TDS, total hardness, anions and cations in the leachates from shake and column tests of lignite and coal FAs in water and buffer solutions were above the permissible limits, but the concentrations of most of the trace metals were within the prescribed limits (Ram et al, 2007a). Dutta et al (2009) found that, for Ca, Fe, Na and Zn, an extraction equilibrium was achieved during a 180 d study.…”

Section: Indian Fasmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The leachability of FA is itself a substantial topic and requires a completely separate review and discussion. The principal processes affecting leaching of FA are pH, dissolution of primary solids, precipitation of secondary solids, sorption and hydrolysis reactions (Jankowski et al, 2006;Ram et al, 2007a), level of weathering, and formation of secondary minerals (Warren and Dudas, 1985). The elements that mainly contribute to the pH of the extract are Ca, Mg and S, which are present on the surface of the ash particles ( Van der Sloot et al, 1982).…”

Section: Leaching Of Elements From Famentioning

confidence: 98%

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An appraisal of the potential use of fly ash for reclaiming coal mine spoil

Ram

Masto

2010

Journal of Environmental Management

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154

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Section: Indian Fassupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Indian Fasmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Leaching Of Elements From Famentioning

confidence: 98%

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An appraisal of the potential use of fly ash for reclaiming coal mine spoil

Ram

Masto

2010

Journal of Environmental Management

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154

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“…In the study, the ash leachate data not only showed the concentration of various physicochemical parameters to be within permissible limits, but also the substantial presence of major secondary/micronutrients (Ca, Mg, K, S, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, etc.) and no alarming content of toxic trace metals (Pb, Ni, Co, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg), which conforms with observations by others (Kamble & Patil, 1998;Khan et al, 2000;Lal & Sharma, 2003;Ram et al, 1999Ram et al, , 2000Ram et al, , 2007aSingh & Vibha, 1999). Other studies have shown landfill leachate as a good fertilizer (Hasselgren, 1992); Salix aquatica irrigated with landfill leachate on a restored landfill showed a better yield as compared with unirrigated controls (Ettala, 1988); significant increase in biomass yields of trees when compared with wateror rain-irrigated controls (Brierley et al, 2001;Shrive et al, 1994); and parity with conventionally fertilized trees when irrigated with landfill leachate (Hasselgren, 1992).…”

Section: Ash Pond Leachatesupporting

confidence: 90%

Remediation of fly ash landfills through plantation

Ram¹,

Jha²,

Tripathi³

et al. 2008

Remediation Journal

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In India, a significant area of land is occupied by preexisting coal-fired thermal power plants (TPPs) for the storage of fly ash slurry in ash ponds. However, the area available for storage of fly ash at these TPPs is limited. In addition, this type of fly ash disposal poses a problem due to restricted land availability and potential contamination issues. A viable alternative is the reclamation of fly ash ponds by plantation. A study at the Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station (RSTPS) in AndhraPradesh, India, on reclamation of a portion of an ash-filled, low-lying area has been performed. This article describes the characteristics of the RSTPS pond ash, ash leachates, and improvements in the fertility status of the reclaimed area over a three-year period. Furthermore, morphometric observations of different planted species indicate that these types of ash-filled, low-lying areas can be suitably reclaimed and the nutrient-rich leachate from ash-filled areas potentially can be used for irrigation purposes. O c 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. INTRODUCTIONCoal will indubitably continue to play a major role in meeting the global demand for energy. The world's coal production is about 5.4 billion metric tonnes per year, most of which goes toward generating 38 percent of the world's electricity requirement (Australian Uranium Association [AUA], 2007). In India, about 70 percent of the total energy requirement is met from the combustion of pulverized coal in thermal power plants (TPPs). This practice will likely continue for the foreseeable future due to the excessive coal reserves in India, estimated at 287 × 10 9 metric tonnes per acre in some areas (Coal India, 2007). However, during combustion of coal in TPPs, various solid wastes, such as fly ash (FA), bottom ash (BA), boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) materials, commonly known as coal combustion by-products (CCBs), are produced (Vom Berg, 1998). The total quantity of these ashes produced is enormous and has been estimated at 118 million metric tonnes per year in India, and exceeds 550 million metric tonnes per year worldwide (Querol et al., 2001). To add perspective, some of the countries with high rates of FA production include Australia, Canada, China, India, the United States, and South Africa (Exhibit 1). This generation rate is expected to increase in light of an ever-increasing demand of electricity. Another concern is the availability of high-ash, low-calorific-value coal for the future due to the potential decrease in the quality of coal over time, especially in view of four to ten times concentration of elements of environmental concern in ash (mineral matter) during combustion (Fernandez-Turiel et al., 1994). In TPPs, FA is disposed of as a slurry into the ash lagoons. Yet, fly ash disposal in ash lagoons poses the potential to cause soil and groundwater contamination due to the high concentration of heavy metals (Jankowski et al., 2006) and radionuclides in fly ash (Vijayan & Behera, 1999). Thousands of hectares of land in India have been...

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“…Leaching study with biomass (eucalyptus and pine) ash revealed low or undetectable concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in the eluate, showing low mobility of these metals [17]. Leaching of the trace elements is sensitive to the pH of the ash [18], most of the biomass ashes being alkaline may enhances the release of oxyanionic-forming species of As, B, Cr, F, Mo, Sb, Se, V and W [19]. The leaching tests are only simulations of the practical situation and may not reflect the actual leaching level of ash in real environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%