Leaching kinetics of electronic waste for the recovery of copper: Rate‐controlling step and rate process in a multisize particle system

Dávila-Pulido, G.I.; Salinas‐Rodríguez, Armando; Pedroza, Francisco Raúl Carrillo; González-Ibarra, A.A.; Méndez-Nonell, J.; Garza-García, M.

doi:10.1002/kin.21450

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The pretreatment processes such as soaking in NaOH solution [7] and microwave pyrolysis [8] and mineral processing processes [9] such as flotation [10] were investigated to enhance the dissolution efficiency of valuable metals from PCBs. Leaching processes of PCBs have been examined using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [11][12][13][14], ammonia solution [10,[14][15][16], HNO 3 [16][17][18], halogen [16,17,19,20], glycine [12,13], and ionic liquid [21]. Bacterial leaching processes of PCBs have also been reported as environment-benign processes, where Phanerochaete chrysosporium [22], Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans [23], Leptospirillum ferriphilum or its mixed culture Metals 2021, 11, 1369 2 of 11 with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans [24][25][26], and Frankia sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Copper from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in Sulfate Medium Using Cupric Ion and Oxygen

Park

Eom

Yoo

et al. 2021

Metals

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In the present paper, the leaching of copper from printed circuit boards (PCBs) using sulfuric acid with Cu2+ and O2 is proposed. The effects of various process parameters such as agitation speed, temperature, the type and the flow rate of gas, initial Cu2+ concentration, and pulp density were investigated to examine the dissolution behavior of Cu from PCBs in 1 mol/L sulfuric acid. The kinetic studies were performed using the obtained leaching data. The leaching rate of Cu from PCBs was found to be higher on addition of Cu2+ and O2 to the leachant in comparison with the addition of O2 or both Cu2+ and N2 in the leachant. The leaching efficiency of Cu was found to be increased with increasing agitation speed, temperature, O2 flow rate, and initial Cu2+ concentration and decreasing pulp density. The 96% of Cu leaching efficiency was obtained under the following conditions: sulfuric acid concentration, 1 mol/L; temperature, 90 °C; agitation speed, 600 rpm; pulp density, 1%; initial Cu2+ concentration, 10,000 mg/L; and O2 flow rate, 1000 cc/min. The leaching data and analyses indicate that the Cu leaching from PCBs followed the reaction-controlled model satisfactorily and determined that the activation energy was found to be 23.8 kJ/mol. Therefore, these results indicate that the sulfuric acid solution with Cu2+ and O2 as a mild leach medium without strong oxidants such as HNO3, H2O2, and Fe3+ is valid for Cu leaching from PCBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Copper from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in Sulfate Medium Using Cupric Ion and Oxygen

Park

Eom

Yoo

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…The influence of temperature on the leaching rate is expressed mainly as the rate constant k , whose relationship with absolute temperature follows the Arrhenius formula [ 35 ]:

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Leaching Kinetics of Iron from Titanium Gypsum in a Citric Acid Medium and Obtain Materials by Leaching Liquid

et al. 2023

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In this study, the effect of citric acid on iron leaching from titanium gypsum (TiG) was systematically investigated. The conditions for the leaching of valuable metals were optimized while varying such parameters as the leaching time, citric acid mass fraction, leaching temperature, and the liquid–solid ratio. It was found that under the conditions of a citric acid mass fraction of 10%, at a 80 °C leaching temperature, a leaching duration of 80–90 min and a liquid–solid ratio of 8, the whiteness of titanium gypsum (TiG) increased from 8.1 to 36.5, and the leaching efficiencies of iron reached 84.37%. The kinetic analysis indicated that the leaching process of iron from TiG was controlled by the reaction product layer from 0–20 min, while the leaching process of iron from TiG was controlled by internal diffusion from 20–90 min. The apparent activation energy of the leaching reactions was 33.91 kJ/mol and 16.59 kJ/mol, respectively. High-value-added calcium oxalate and ferrous oxalate were prepared from the calcium and iron in the filtrate of the oxalic acid extraction. The leaching liquid could be recycled, which will provide a new way to utilize titanium gypsum.

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“…HCl (37%), 50 ml con. HNO 3 (63%), 30 ml of 3 M NaOH added dropwise, black precipitate drying for 6 h at 80 °C, then calcination for 4 h at 400 ℃ CuO Nanoparticles (Rajkumar et al, 2022 ) 0.2 M H 2 O 2 and 2 M H 2 SO 4 S/L 1/100, time 150 min, temp at 25, 30, 35, and 45 ℃ Cu (Dávila-Pulido et al, 2021 ) H 2 SO 4 leach solution Extractant LIX 84 IC, Con. 10%, Diluent Kerosene, pH 2.5 Cu 99.99% (Kumari et al, 2016 ) Ammonia-ammonium leach Solution Extractant LIX 84, Con.…”

Section: Electronic Waste Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-waste recycled materials as efficient catalysts for renewable energy technologies and better environmental sustainability

Seif

Salem

Allam

2023

Environ Dev Sustain

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Waste from electrical and electronic equipment exponentially increased due to the innovation and the ever-increasing demand for electronic products in our life. The quantities of electronic waste (e-waste) produced are expected to reach 44.4 million metric tons over the next five years. Consequently, the global market for electronics recycling is expected to reach $65.8 billion by 2026. However, electronic waste management in developing countries is not appropriately handled, as only 17.4% has been collected and recycled. The inadequate electronic waste treatment causes significant environmental and health issues and a systematic depletion of natural resources in secondary material recycling and extracting valuable materials. Electronic waste contains numerous valuable materials that can be recovered and reused to create renewable energy technologies to overcome the shortage of raw materials and the adverse effects of using non-renewable energy resources. Several approaches were devoted to mitigate the impact of climate change. The cooperate social responsibilities supported integrating informal collection and recycling agencies into a well-structured management program. Moreover, the emission reductions resulting from recycling and proper management systems significantly impact climate change solutions. This emission reduction will create a channel in carbon market mechanisms by trading the CO2 emission reductions. This review provides an up-to-date overview and discussion of the different categories of electronic waste, the recycling methods, and the use of high recycled value-added (HAV) materials from various e-waste components in green renewable energy technologies.

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Leaching kinetics of electronic waste for the recovery of copper: Rate‐controlling step and rate process in a multisize particle system

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Leaching of Copper from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in Sulfate Medium Using Cupric Ion and Oxygen

Leaching of Copper from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in Sulfate Medium Using Cupric Ion and Oxygen

The Leaching Kinetics of Iron from Titanium Gypsum in a Citric Acid Medium and Obtain Materials by Leaching Liquid

E-waste recycled materials as efficient catalysts for renewable energy technologies and better environmental sustainability

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