Leaching of DOC, DN, and inorganic constituents from scrap tires

Selbes, Meric; Yılmaz, Özge; Khan, A. A.; Karanfil, Tanju

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.042

Cited by 84 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, the particles in the current study were very irregular in shape with detailed surface morphologies, meaning that estimation of surface area based on the assumption of spherical particles is too far away from an accurate surface area estimation to be sufficiently robust. Dissolved organic carbon leaching from SBR particles has been shown to increase with smaller particle sizes (Selbes et al, 2015), which contrasts the observations for specific organic compounds in the current study. A comprehensive review of tire wear particles in the environment concluded that the influence of particle size on leaching is inconclusive (Wagner et al, 2018).…”

Section: Leaching Of Crg Chemicals Into Seawatercontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The increased leaching of Zn from CRG of decreasing particle size observed in the current study has previously been demonstrated (Rhodes et al, 2012). Very few studies have investigated the release of other metals from CRG or tire wear particles of different sizes, but the available literature indicates that the leaching of many metals is independent of particle size (Selbes et al, 2015). While it would have been interesting to normalize the leached metal concentration data by surface area to identify size effects, the size distribution of the test materials was actually quite broad and therefore the estimated surface area became a 'surface area range'.…”

Section: Leaching Of Crg Chemicals Into Seawatersupporting

confidence: 76%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Car Tire Crumb Rubber: Does Leaching Produce a Toxic Chemical Cocktail in Coastal Marine Systems?

Halsband

Sørensen

Booth

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

107

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Crumb rubber granulate (CRG) produced from end of life tires (ELTs) is commonly applied to synthetic turf pitches (STPs), playgrounds, safety surfaces and walkways. In addition to fillers, stabilizers, cross-linking agents and secondary components (e.g., pigments, oils, resins), ELTs contain a range of other organic compound and heavy metal additives. While previous environmental impact studies on CRG have focused on terrestrial soil and freshwater ecosystems, many sites applying CRG in Norway are coastal. The current study investigated the organic chemical and metal additive content of 'pristine' and 'weathered' CRG and their seawater leachates, as well as uptake and effects of leachate exposure using marine copepods (Acartia and Calanus sp.). A combination of pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) and chemical extraction followed by GC-MS analysis revealed similar organic chemical profiles for pristine and weathered CRG, including additives such as benzothiazole, N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine and a range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds (e.g., bisphenols). ICP-MS analysis revealed g kg −1 quantities of Zn and mg kg −1 quantities of Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb, and Ni in the CRG. A cocktail of organic additives and metals readily leached from the CRG into seawater, with the most abundant leachate components being benzothiazole and Zn, Fe, Co (metals), as well as detectable levels of PAHs and phenolic compounds. Concentrations of individual components varied with CRG source material and CRG to seawater ratio, but benzothiazole and Zn were typically the organic and metal components present at the highest concentrations in the leachates. While organic chemical concentrations in the leachates stabilized within days, metals continued to leach out over the 30-day period. Marine copepods exposed to high CRG leachate concentrations exhibited high mortalities within 48 h. The smaller lipid-poor Acartia had a higher sensitivity to leachates than the larger lipid-rich Calanus, indicating speciesspecific differences in vulnerability to leachates. The effect on survival was alleviated at lower leachate concentrations, indicating a dose-response relationship. Benzothiazole and its derivatives appear to be of concern owing to their proven toxicity, while bisphenols are also known to be toxic and were enriched in the leachates relative to the other compounds in the CRG.

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Section: Leaching Of Crg Chemicals Into Seawatercontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Leaching Of Crg Chemicals Into Seawatersupporting

confidence: 76%

Car Tire Crumb Rubber: Does Leaching Produce a Toxic Chemical Cocktail in Coastal Marine Systems?

Halsband

Sørensen

Booth

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

107

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“…Compared to conventional solid adsorbents such as mesoporous silica materials 10, 11 and activated carbon 12, 13 , MOFs exhibit more virtues such as versatile framework compositions, exposed active sites, tunable pore sizes, and large specific surface areas. MOFs have been demonstrated to be stable and show good adsorption ability for the removal of various pollutants from aqueous solutions such as heavy metal ions 14 , organic dyes 15, 16 , phenols 17 , oil droplets 18 and humic acid 19 . However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have been reported on the removal of phosphate from water by MOFs via adsorption, because this process not only needs adequate pore size of MOFs but also specific active sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Adsorption and Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions and Eutrophic Water by Fe-based MOFs of MIL-101

Xie

Zhao-Ling

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

248

107

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Although many efforts have been devoted to the adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions and eutrophic water, it is still highly desirable to develop novel adsorbents with high adsorption capacities. In this study, Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), MIL-101 and NH2-MIL-101, are fabricated through a general facile strategy. Their performance as an adsorbent for phosphate removal is investigated. Experiments are performed to study the effects of various factors on the phosphate adsorption, including adsorbent dosage, contact time and co-existing ions. Both MIL-101(Fe) and NH2-MIL-101(Fe) show highly effective removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions, and the concentration of phosphates decrease sharply from the initial 0.60 mg·L−1 to 0.045 and 0.032 mg·L−1, respectively, within just 30 min of exposure. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms reveal that NH2-MIL-101(Fe) has higher adsorption capacity than MIL-101(Fe) possibly due to the amine group. Furthermore, the Fe-based MOFs also exhibit a high selectivity towards phosphate over other anions such as chloride, bromide, nitrate and sulfate. Particularly, the prepared Fe-based MIL-101 materials are also capable of adsorbing phosphate in an actual eutrophic water sample and display better removal effect.

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“…Literature data (Grefe, 1989;Edil & Bosscher, 1992;Miller & Chadik, 1993;Humphrey & Katz, 1995;Kim, 1995, Selbes, 2009, Turner & Rice, 2010Hennebert et al 2014;Selbes et al, 2015;Redondo-Hasselerharm et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2020;Mohajerani et al 2020) also confirm the presence of elements such as selenium, arsenic, calcium, iron, zinc and chromium in tyres; while silver and mercury were not found. Grefe (Grefe, 1989) reports that zinc, barium, iron and manganese were present in laboratory-modelled processes of leaching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Peer Review #2 of "Application of material from used car tyres in geotechnics—an environmental impact analysis (v0.1)"

2020

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This work begins with a literature-based discussion of the hazardous-waste problem represented by car tyres as hazardous waste, along with possible ways in which they might be utilised or managed. The impact of the material on the environment is characterised in the process, not least in the context of pollutants leached to the aquatic environment. Input in terms of new research results concerns the impact on water and soil of material from used car tyres being used in geotechnics. Specifically, tyre bales comprising 100-140 car vehicle tyres compressed into a lightweight block and secured by galvanised steel tie wires running around the length and depth of the bale, were researched, having been immersed in basins with alkaline and acidic water following initial preparation and pre-washing. The aim was to in some sense simulate-respectivelyconditions in which rain and surface / ground water are involved, or else acid rain. To do that, the tyre bales were placed in the water for 120 days, with emerging leachate analysed after set intervals of time, with a view to changes in key physicochemical parameters of water being noted, as well as signs of the leaching of both undesirable components and priority substances, from tyres into the aqueous medium. Washing of the tyre bales was shown to induce slight pollution of water, with limited exceedance of normative values in respect of OWO content. However, this increase was not due to leaching of the Persistent Organic Pollutants tested for, but may rather have reflected contamination of tyres used, e.g. of soil at the place of previous storage. In general, waste water arising does not therefore contain substances that would stand in the way (legally) of its being discharged into a combined sewer system. Similar conclusions were arrived at through analysis of the leaching of pollutants from tyre bales exposed in the aforementioned pools of water of neutral and acidic reaction. Wastewater arising was not enriched significantly in impurities (be these metals, PAHs, phthalates, selected anions or cations), and there were therefore no exceedances of standards imposed for wastewater

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Leaching of DOC, DN, and inorganic constituents from scrap tires

Cited by 84 publications

References 13 publications

Car Tire Crumb Rubber: Does Leaching Produce a Toxic Chemical Cocktail in Coastal Marine Systems?

Car Tire Crumb Rubber: Does Leaching Produce a Toxic Chemical Cocktail in Coastal Marine Systems?

Effective Adsorption and Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions and Eutrophic Water by Fe-based MOFs of MIL-101

Peer Review #2 of "Application of material from used car tyres in geotechnics—an environmental impact analysis (v0.1)"

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