Leaching of wood preservative components and their mobility in the environment : summary of pertinent literature

Lebow, Stan

doi:10.2737/fpl-gtr-93

Cited by 95 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Since the 1970s, chromated copper arsenate (CCA) has been the most common preservative used in the U.S. to treat wood intended for outdoor structures, such as playsets, decks, fences, utility poles, and marine docks (Lebow 1996;Solo-Gabriele and Townsend 1999;AWPA 2005). Recently, CCA was the subject of risk assessments by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) for potential exposures to children who contact CCA-treated playgrounds and home decks (U.S. EPA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mass balance approach for evaluating leachable arsenic and chromium from an in-service CCA-treated wood structure

Shibata

Solo‐Gabriele

Fleming

et al. 2007

Science of The Total Environment

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Many existing residential wood structures, such as playsets and decks, have been treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). This preservative chemical can be released from these structures incrementally over time through contact with rainfall. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of arsenic and chromium leached from an in-service CCA-treated deck exposed to rainfall, as well as their possible impacts on soils and shallow groundwater. Two monitoring stations, one containing a CCA-treated deck and the other containing an untreated deck as a control, were constructed outside for this study. Rainfall, runoff water from the decks, soils below the decks, and infiltrated water through 0.7 m depth of soil were monitored for arsenic and chromium over a period of 3 years. The concentration of the CCA-treated deck runoff for arsenic (0.114 -4.66 mg/L) and chromium (0.008 -0.470 mg/L) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the untreated deck runoff (≤ 0.002 mg/L for both). During the 3 year monitoring period, 13% of the arsenic and 1.4 % of the chromium were leached from the amount initially present in the CCA-treated wood. Arsenic levels (< 0.1 -46 mg/kg) in soils under the CCA-treated deck were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than under the untreated deck (< 0.1 -2.7 mg/kg), while chromium levels were statistically the same below the two decks (2.4 -9.6 mg/kg). Approximately 94% of the arsenic from the runoff was absorbed in the soils below the CCA-treated deck; the upper 2.5 cm of the soils captured 42% of the total. The infiltrated water concentrations for arsenic (< 0.001 -0.085 mg/L) and chromium (< 0.001 -0.010 mg/L) below the CCA-treated deck were both significantly (p < 0.001) higher than below the untreated deck (≤ 0.006 mg/L). The amounts of arsenic found in the infiltrated water below the CCA-treated deck represented 6% of total arsenic leached and less than 0.7% of the initial mass in the wood. The study demonstrated that exposure of a CCA-treated deck to rainfall resulted in elevated arsenic concentrations in both runoff and soil. Although only a relatively small fraction of the initial arsenic from the wood was found to infiltrate through the soil, these impacts were significant and caused the infiltrated water to exceed drinking water standards. The study suggests that potential

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mass balance approach for evaluating leachable arsenic and chromium from an in-service CCA-treated wood structure

Shibata

Solo‐Gabriele

Fleming

et al. 2007

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The relative proportions of chromium, copper, and arsenic within the samples in this study did not indicate any systematic depletion of either copper or arsenic. The proportions of chromium, copper, and arsenic in exposed CCAtreated wood can provide some indication of the extent of leaching because chromium is more leach-resistant than copper or arsenic (Lebow 1996). Sodium concentrations in all but one sample were over 1,000 ppm, and many samples contained over 10,000-ppm sodium.…”

Section: Icp-aes Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical deterioration of preservative treated poles and pilings exposed to salt water

Kirker¹,

Glaeser²,

Lebow³

et al. 2011

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The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) of any product or service.The USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. AbstractThis report details the results of laboratory analyses of wooden pilings sent to the USDA Forest Products Laboratory in March 2011. These samples were removed from coastal wooden posts, poles, piles, and deck boards. A total of 22 samples, consisting of either core borings or surface fiber samples, were removed from four installations along the South Carolina coast. Methods focusing on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the wood determined that the 22 specimen samples consisting of core borings and surface fiber samples were physically deteriorated by salt accumulation and not biological deterioration. This report presents the findings of these analyses and discusses the cause of the documented damage.

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“…Another issue associated with preservative-treated wood is possible leaching of preservative components from wood in service [21][22][23]. We also studied effect of coatings in reducing leaching of heavy metals (As, Cr and Cu) and found that application of one coat of semitransparent stain could effectively reduce the leaching of these preservative components on average by 60% [24].…”

Section: Effects Of Wood Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exterior Wood Coatings

Nejad¹,

Cooper²

2017

Wood in Civil Engineering

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In addition to aesthetic appeal, coatings are designed to protect the wood from weathering degradation in outdoor conditions. This chapter gives an overview of the effects of the main coating components, coating properties, wood properties and treatments on coated wood performance in service. Understanding how different type of resins, pigments, solvents, and other major additives affect coating performance on wood, helps coating formulators to develop more durable coatings. It is beneficial for both wood scientists and coating chemists to learn which properties of coatings have the highest impact on predicting their service lives when exposed to weathering. For instance, measuring glass transition temperature (Tg) defines the degree of flexibility of a coating. Since wood swells and shrinks due to moisture uptake and subsequent drying, flexibility of a coating plays a critical role in defining its durability on wood in exterior conditions. Similarly, learning how preservative treatment or a new modification technique changes the surface properties of wood will help coating formulators to adjust properties of coatings in way that would have better adhesion and performance on that specific modified wood. Also, the effects of these factors in increasing service life of exterior wood coatings are discussed.

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Leaching of wood preservative components and their mobility in the environment : summary of pertinent literature

Cited by 95 publications

References 49 publications

A mass balance approach for evaluating leachable arsenic and chromium from an in-service CCA-treated wood structure

A mass balance approach for evaluating leachable arsenic and chromium from an in-service CCA-treated wood structure

Physical deterioration of preservative treated poles and pilings exposed to salt water

Exterior Wood Coatings

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