Lead and cadmium in Nile River water and finished drinking water in Greater Cairo, Egypt

Mohamed, Mahmoud A.; Osman, Mai; Potter, Thomas L.; Levin, Robert E.

doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(98)00058-0

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Water pollution is one of the principal environmental and public health problems Egyptian River Nile are facing [5]. The Nile is the donor of life to Egypt and represents the principal freshwater resource for the country, meeting nearly all demands for drinking water, irrigation, and industry [6]. During its transit through Egypt, the river Nile receives numerous non-point and point source discharges [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Nile is the donor of life to Egypt and represents the principal freshwater resource for the country, meeting nearly all demands for drinking water, irrigation, and industry [6]. During its transit through Egypt, the river Nile receives numerous non-point and point source discharges [6]. Now, the changes in Nile water quality are primarily due to a combination of theses contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Quality and Heavy Metal Monitoring in Water, Sediments, and Tissues of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt

Osman¹,

Kloas²

2010

JEP

129

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Water quality of the river Nile and trace elements of the water, sediments and fish tissues were investigated in the current work. Eighteen different sampling points were selected along the whole course of the River Nile from its spring at Aswan to its estuaries at Rosetta and Damietta. Higher mean value of conductivity, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3), total solid (TS), sulphate (SO4), chloride (Cl), orthophosphate were recorded in the water of Damietta and Rosetta branches comparing to other sites. Also trace metals in the water, sediments and tissues of Clarias gariepinus increased significantly (P < 0.05) from Aswan toward Damietta and Rosetta branch. Such increase proves the presence of large quantities of organic and inorganic pollutants in Rosetta and Damietta water. This was expected due to the fact that the water of such branches receives high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial, domestic as well as diffuse agricultural wastewater. The heavy metal residues in the tissues of Clarias gariepinus exhibited different patterns of accumulation and distribution among the selected tissues and localities. It was evident from our study that, liver was the site of maximum accumulation for the elements followed by gills while muscle was the over all site of least metal accumulation. Trace metals accumulations in fish liver at sites under investigation were detected in the following descending order: Zn > Fe > Cu > Pb > Mn > Cr> Cd > Hg. In the gill tissues theses metals were accumulated in the following order Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd> Hg. The low accumulation of metals in muscle may be due to lack of binding affinity of these metals with the proteins of muscle. This is particularly important because muscles contribute the greatest mass of the flesh that is consumed as food

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality and Heavy Metal Monitoring in Water, Sediments, and Tissues of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt

Osman¹,

Kloas²

2010

JEP

129

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“…Siwa bottled water contained relatively higher level of lead than other bottled water but still below the recommended level. Mohamed and Osman (1998) also concluded that the drinking-water mean lead concentration in Greater Cairo was below the international standards. In the state of Kuwait, Al -Fraij et al (1999) revealed the same results ; lead in drinking tap water and tested types of bottled water complied with WHO guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Quality of Tap Water versus Bottled Water: Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Drinking Water in Dakhlia Governorate - Egypt

2010

IJNW

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Water is essential to sustain life, and a satisfactory safe supply must be made available to consumers. Many different chemicals may occur in drinking water. The problems associated with chemical constituents of drinking water arise primarily from their ability to cause significant human health risks after prolonged periods of exposure; of particular concern are contaminants that have cumulative toxic properties, such as heavy metals. This study was done to clarify concerns about chemical quality and safety of drinking tap water in Dakhlia governorate. For comparison, selected samples from three common commercial bottled water were analyzed. Atomic absorption Spectrometry technique was used to measure lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, zinc, selenium, calcium, magnesium and sodium in 65 samples of tap water and nine samples of bottled water. The mean concentrations of the metals in drinking water obtained in this study were within the acceptable levels of the World Health Organization (WHO,2004) guidelines and lower than maximum contaminated levels (MCL) established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA,2004). Tap water showed slightly higher levels of lead, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, and selenium.

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“…River Nile is the main fresh water resource in Egypt, meeting all demands for drinking water, irrigation and industry [1]. It is also the major source of many aquatic food organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Mass Mortalities among Oreochromis Niloticus at Mariotteya Stream, Egypt: Parasitic Infestation and Environmental Pollution Impacts

Mahmoud¹,

Fahmy²

2014

Fish Aquac J

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The present study was carried out to determine the possible causes of an emergent event of respiratory distress with consequent mass mortalities among Nile fish, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) at Mariotteya stream, an intrastate tributary of River Nile, Egypt. The area of incident extended from Shabramant till Abouseer city (along 4 km distance) with the direction of water current. Field visits have recorded thousands of dead large sized fish on both sides of the stream while huge numbers of fish of different size accumulated on the water surface showing typical signs of asphyxia. It was also noted that Mariotteya water body is being subjected to multiple sources of pollution through the dumping of improperly treated organic and inorganic chemical wastes in addition to sewage materials. Results of field and laboratory investigations have revealed that, all the examined 60 fish samples were heavily infested with different types of parasites including zoonotic species: Cichlidogyrus arthracanthus (monogenea), Lamproglena monody and Ergasilus sarsi (Copepod), Myxobolus dermatobia, Chilodonella hexastica, Trichodina truttae, Trichodina fultoni, Cryptosporidium spp. and Balantidium spp. (Protozoa), Acanthosentis tilapae.(Acanthocephala), Clinostomum spp., Euclinostomum spp., Heterophid and Prohemistomatid metacercarae (larval of Trematodes). The physical and chemical examinations of water samples and the analysis of heavy metals concentration indicated marked abnormal water quality parameters and environmental pollution which might be incriminated as a primary stress factor that promoted the invasion of parasites as a secondary stress factor. The study concluded that both factors would have interacted to produce this catastrophic intense case of respiratory distress and mass mortalities. The impact of the recorded parasitic infestation and environmental pollution was briefly discussed.

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Lead and cadmium in Nile River water and finished drinking water in Greater Cairo, Egypt

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Water Quality and Heavy Metal Monitoring in Water, Sediments, and Tissues of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt

Water Quality and Heavy Metal Monitoring in Water, Sediments, and Tissues of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt

Chemical Quality of Tap Water versus Bottled Water: Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Drinking Water in Dakhlia Governorate - Egypt

Investigations on Mass Mortalities among Oreochromis Niloticus at Mariotteya Stream, Egypt: Parasitic Infestation and Environmental Pollution Impacts

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