Lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium in urine and blood of children and adolescents in Germany – Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014–2017 (GerES V)

Vogel, Nina; Murawski, Aline; Schmied-Tobies, Maria I.H.; Rucic, Enrico; Doyle, Ulrike; Kämpfe, Alexander; Höra, Christian; Hildebrand, Jörg; Schäfer, Moritz; Drexler, Hans; Göen, Thomas; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113822

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It is known that cadmium accumulates in the kidney and increasing in urinary cadmium with age has been observed in Chinese (Sun et al 2016 ) and Swiss (Jenny-Burri et al 2015 ) populations. Furthermore, we found unadjusted urinary cadmium concentrations in women (GM: 0.4 μg/L) to be comparable to those found in 968 French women (GM: 0.39 μg/L) (Nisse et al 2017 ) and 160 Czech women (GW: 0.33 μg/L) (Batáriová et al 2006 ), somewhat higher than those found in a cohort of 1001 mixed gender Belgians (GM: 0.228 μg/L) (Hoet et al 2013 ), but notably higher than that found in 1092 German women (GM: 0.071 μg/L) (Vogel et al 2021 ) (Table 3 ). In men, we found a geometric mean unadjusted urinary cadmium concentration of 0.3 μg/L which is comparable to 942 French men (GM: 0.37 μg/L) (Nisse et al 2017 ), somewhat higher than concentrations in 497 Czech men (GM: 0.27 μg/L) (Batáriová et al 2006 ), but again, concentrations were markedly lower in 1158 German men (GM: 0.074 μg/L) (Vogel et al 2021 ) (Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, we found unadjusted urinary cadmium concentrations in women (GM: 0.4 μg/L) to be comparable to those found in 968 French women (GM: 0.39 μg/L) (Nisse et al 2017 ) and 160 Czech women (GW: 0.33 μg/L) (Batáriová et al 2006 ), somewhat higher than those found in a cohort of 1001 mixed gender Belgians (GM: 0.228 μg/L) (Hoet et al 2013 ), but notably higher than that found in 1092 German women (GM: 0.071 μg/L) (Vogel et al 2021 ) (Table 3 ). In men, we found a geometric mean unadjusted urinary cadmium concentration of 0.3 μg/L which is comparable to 942 French men (GM: 0.37 μg/L) (Nisse et al 2017 ), somewhat higher than concentrations in 497 Czech men (GM: 0.27 μg/L) (Batáriová et al 2006 ), but again, concentrations were markedly lower in 1158 German men (GM: 0.074 μg/L) (Vogel et al 2021 ) (Table 3 ). For mixed genders at the 95th percentile, concentrations in the USA (1.08 μg/L)(CDC, 2019 ) and Canada (1.3 μg/L) (Saravanabhavan et al 2017 ) were higher than that in Irish males (0.9 μg/L) but not females(1.8 μg/L); however, we interpret this cautiously due to our small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Nevertheless, comparable data was available from a range of countries (Table 3 ). Mercury levels in Irish women (GM: 0.3 μg/L) and men (GM: 0.4 μg/L) were higher than those in German women (GM: 0.062 μg/L) and men GM: 0.072 μg/L) (Vogel et al 2021 ), and those in the Belgian mixed cohort (GM: 0.26 μg/L) (Hoet et al 2013 ). In contrast, Irish geometric mean urinary mercury concentrations were lower when compared to Czech women (GM: 0.96 μg/L) and men (GM: 0.52 μg/L) (Batáriová et al 2006 ), French women (GM: 0.82 μg/L) and men (GM: 0.92 μg/L) (Nisse et al 2017 ) and in Spanish women (GM: 1.14 μg/L) and men (GM: 1.09 μg/L) (Castaño et al 2019 ) than in the Irish data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urine concentrations of selected trace metals in a cohort of Irish adults

Rooney

Michalke

Geoghegan

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Human biomonitoring studies are of increasing importance in regulatory toxicology; however, there is a paucity of human biomonitoring data for the Irish population. In this study, we provide new data for urinary biomarker concentrations of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, lead and selenium. One hundred urine samples, collected between 2011 and 2014 from healthy participants of the EuroMOTOR project, were randomly selected. Metal concentrations were measured via ICPMS. Descriptive statistics for each of the metals stratified by gender were performed. There were 58 male and 42 female participants and metals were detectable for all samples. Geometric mean urinary concentrations for each metal in males were as follows: aluminium 8.5 μg/L, arsenic 8.1 μg/L, cadmium 0.3 μg/L, chromium 0.5 μg/L, copper 5.1 μg/L, mercury 0.4 μg/L, manganese 0.3 μg/L, lead 1.3 μg/L and selenium 10.8 μg/L; and in females: aluminium 8.5 μg/L, arsenic 10.2 μg/L, cadmium 0.4 μg/L, chromium 0.6 μg/L, copper 5.6 μg/L, mercury 0.3 μg/L, manganese 0.2 μg/L, lead 1.6 μg/L and selenium 13.7 μg/L. We observed higher geometric mean concentrations in women for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and selenium, with equal geometric mean concentrations for aluminium and manganese, leaving only mercury with lower geometric mean concentrations in women. Aluminium, cadmium, chromium, lead and urinary concentrations of metals were slightly elevated compared to European data, while for arsenic, copper, manganese and selenium, Irish levels were lower. Our findings highlight that there are differences in urinary metal concentrations between European populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urine concentrations of selected trace metals in a cohort of Irish adults

Rooney

Michalke

Geoghegan

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Analytical methods. Metals were measured in both blood and urine samples using coupled plasma mass (ICP-MS) methods [48,50,51]. For quality control purposes, rigorous quality control protocols and tested standard or certi ed reference materials were carried out.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference intervals for Cd, Hg, Mn and Pb in the general children of Kinshasa (DR Congo)

Tuakashikila

Mata

Kabamba

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The RIs (reference intervals), proposed by the IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine) and the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), were derived for Cd, Hg, Mn and Pb in the blood and urine of the children population living Kinshasa (n = 200, aged 3–14 years with 97 girls). Metals were measured using coupled plasma mass (ICP-MS). In blood, the proposed RIs [P5-P95 (GM)] were 0.022–1.112 µg/L (0.074), 35.69–144.50 µg/L (71.43), 0.060 to 1.161 µg/L (0.208) and 6.597–15.740 µg/L (9.882) for Cd, Pb, Hg and Mn, respectively. Urinary levels [(P5-P95 (GM)] were 0.082–1.530 µg/L(0.366) for Cd, 1.827–18.500 µg/L (5.458) for Pb, 0.323–1.953 µg/L (0.709) for Hg and 0.070 to 1.703 µg/L (0.186) for Mn. As compared to the CDC updated blood Pb reference value (3.5 µg/dL), Pb levels remain higher of public health concern. Cd and Mn levels were similar to those found in the same city in 2015 and databases involving non-occupationally exposed populations from other countries. Hg levels significantly lower than those found in the same city in 2015, probably due to exclusion criteria of metal exposure applying in the present survey (occupationally exposed to the studied metals, smoking habits, amalgam tooth fillings, fish consumption habit more than one time per week, etc.). These background metal exposures will be useful for future occupational and/or environmental surveys as well as undertaking a reliable regulation of chemical exposure in Kinshasa via a national HBM program.

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“…Whole blood sample is the commonly selected matrix and blood Pb level (BLL) is naturally the most used indicator to assess recent Pb exposure. In this context, the notion of reference values (RVs) is proposed [8,9] and the RV 95 s are further de ned as the 95th percentile's upper limit of the 95% con dence interval (CI) of measured targeted pollutants [10], indicating the individuals who are highly exposed to a substance of interest and need increased attention. By far, the similar RVs of BLLs have been developed in several countries, such as America [11], German [12], Italy [13], Belgium [14], and Korea [15], but there is still no internationally recognized safe threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal variation of blood lead levels in Chinese urban children: the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) 2002 to 2012

Liu

Gong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lead (Pb) pollution is a global public health problem and adversely affects children health across a wide range of exposure levels. This study was conducted to evaluate the blood Pb levels (BLLs) of Chinese urban children aged 6−11 years and to describe the temporal variations from the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) in 2002 and 2012. A total of 2182 (1036 vs. 1146) Chinese urban children were selected in the CNHS 2002 and the CNHS 2012 using the multistage stratified cluster random and probability proportional to size sampling method. The BLLs of urban children were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), whilst the prevalence of BLLs >50 µg/L and >100 µg/L were calculated, as well as the reference values (RV95s: the upper limit of 95% confidence interval of 95th percentile). From the CNHS 2002 to the CNHS 2021, the median BLLs of Chinese urban children had obviously changed from 67.4 µg/L to 36.9 µg/L, and the RV95s of BLLs had also descrended from 149.1 µg/L to 107.9 µg/L. In addition, the prevalence of BLLs with >50 µg/L and >100 µg/L had markedly decreased from 74.0% and 18.2% in the CNHS 2002 to 28.4% and 5.2% in the CNHS 2021. In conclusion, the BLLs of Chinese urban children had been definitely improved in the past 10 years. However, the findings of our study suggested that it is imperative to implement the monitoring and evaluating and to continue control Pb exposure.

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Lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium in urine and blood of children and adolescents in Germany – Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014–2017 (GerES V)

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

Urine concentrations of selected trace metals in a cohort of Irish adults

Urine concentrations of selected trace metals in a cohort of Irish adults

Reference intervals for Cd, Hg, Mn and Pb in the general children of Kinshasa (DR Congo)

The temporal variation of blood lead levels in Chinese urban children: the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) 2002 to 2012

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