Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, and Copper Bioavailability in the Soil-Plant-Animal System in a Polluted Area

Abstract

A comparative research study on the bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the soil-plant-animal-system was carried out. The connection between the total quantity and the mobile forms of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in soils with different levels of contamination; the transition of these metals into rapeseed; and their assimilation by rabbits fed with a food that consisted mainly of rapeseed was studied. It was established that the absorption of heavy metals by the rapeseed definitely has a selective character, as the affinity towards Zn is most strongly expressed. The accumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the organs of the rapeseed occurs in the following order: inflorescences > leaves > stems. A direct connection between the quantity of the mobile forms and their accumulation in the plants was not found. The environmental contamination has a significant effect on heavy metal levels and distribution, as the largest quantity of all four elements is accumulated in the kidneys and liver. A well-expressed impact of the level of Cd contamination on the absorption of essential trace metals (Zn and Cu) and their accumulation into some of the organs of the animals was found.

Long-Term Monitoring of a Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treating Agricultural Drainage Water in Northern Italy

“…In detail, in the 2005-2006 observation period, Cd was present at very low concentrations in both soil and biomass, whereas the average Pb level in the top soil of 25.3 mg•kg −1 and its relatively low concentration in the biomass (1.7 mg•kg −1 , Table 5) are in accordance with the fact that it is a fairly immobile element [27], as well as its known low bioavailability to plants [30]. The other heavy metals, including Ni, Cu and Zn, are considered of medium bioavailability to plants in aerated soil [30]. In the system reported in this study, the average biomass concentrations of Ni, Cu, and Zn (6.2, 9.4 and 28.7 mg•kg −1 , respectively) were lower than, but still in the range of, their levels in the top soil (54.3, 33.8 and 97.3 mg•kg −1 , respectively), thus indicating moderate availability to plants.…”

Cadmium in human and animal organism. І. Intake and accumulation in cells

“…До організму осіб, які не палять і проживають на великій віддалі від промислових підприємств, основна частка Кадмію (майже 95%) надходить через травну систему, а головним джерелом важкого металу є продукти харчування [24]. На рівень надходження й абсорбції Кадмію тим чи іншим шляхом певною мірою впливають індивідуальні особливості організму, зокрема вік, стать, характер харчуваня (рослинна чи тваринна їжа), вміст у їжі білків, вітамінів, інших двовалентних металів (Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ ) [8,16,36,39].…”

“…Надходження цього елемента у формі розчинних солей (хлорид, йодид, сульфат, нітрат) сприяє швидкій дисоціації останніх з вивільненням катіонів Cd 2+ . У зв'язку з цим експериментальне введення сполук Кадмію в організм тварин з питною водою чи кормом зумовлює їхню більшу токсичність щодо клітин шлунково-кишкового тракту порівнянно зі згодовуванням забрудненого корму рослинного або тваринного походження [8,55].…”

Phytoremediation of heavy metals using acacia mangium in rahman hydraulic tin (RHT) tailings, Klian Intan, Malaysia

“…We believe that Pb was less mobile in soil as it may have bind strongly with oxides of Fe, manganese (Mn) and Al. 11 The concentration of zinc (Zn) in the soil was 43 mg/kg in the 0−65 cm profile. This was not detrimental to trees.…”