Lead concentrations in cortical and trabecular bones in deceased smelter workers

Gerhardsson, Lars; Akantis, Anna; Lundström, Nils-Göran; Nordberg, Gunnar F.; Schütz, Andrejs; Skerfving, Staffan

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.06.004

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A linear relationship between [Pb] p and [Pb] b has been demonstrated using data from Pb-exposed workers [182,192]. Likewise, a linear relationship between [Pb] p and [Pb] b was observed in a study of U.S. women of child-bearing age [183].…”

Section: Plasma (Serum) Lead Versus Urinary Leadmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The half-life of bone Pb varies from 10 to 20 years [179][180][181][182]. In a study of Pb accumulation in different types of bone from Swedish copper-lead smelter workers and controls, the highest Pb concentration was found in finger bone, followed in order by vertebrae, iliac crest and sternum [183]. Among soft tissues, Pb concentration was highest in the liver, followed by kidney, lung and brain [184].…”

Section: Cadmium In Erythrocytes Versus Blood Plasma (Serum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality

Satarug

Gobé

Vesey

et al. 2020

Toxics

147

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The present review aims to provide an update on health risks associated with the low-to-moderate levels of environmental cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to which most populations are exposed. Epidemiological studies examining the adverse effects of coexposure to Cd and Pb have shown that Pb may enhance the nephrotoxicity of Cd and vice versa. Herein, the existing tolerable intake levels of Cd and Pb are discussed together with the conventional urinary Cd threshold limit of 5.24 μg/g creatinine. Dietary sources of Cd and Pb and the intake levels reported for average consumers in the U.S., Spain, Korea, Germany and China are summarized. The utility of urine, whole blood, plasma/serum, and erythrocytes to quantify exposure levels of Cd and Pb are discussed. Epidemiological studies that linked one of these measurements to risks of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality from common ailments are reviewed. A Cd intake level of 23.2 μg/day, which is less than half the safe intake stated by the guidelines, may increase the risk of CKD by 73%, and urinary Cd levels one-tenth of the threshold limit, defined by excessive ß2-microglobulin excretion, were associated with increased risk of CKD, mortality from heart disease, cancer of any site and Alzheimer’s disease. These findings indicate that the current tolerable intake of Cd and the conventional urinary Cd threshold limit do not provide adequate health protection. Any excessive Cd excretion is probably indicative of tubular injury. In light of the evolving realization of the interaction between Cd and Pb, actions to minimize environmental exposure to these toxic metals are imperative.

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Section: Plasma (Serum) Lead Versus Urinary Leadmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Cadmium In Erythrocytes Versus Blood Plasma (Serum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality

Satarug

Gobé

Vesey

et al. 2020

Toxics

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lead toxicity is manifested in anemia, impaired nervous system and kidney function and changes in bones such as decreased bone mass (osteopenia) and delayed healing of fractures (Gerhardsson et al 2005; Kjellstrom 1992; Wiechula et al 2008). Accumulation of Pb in bone, in contrast to solid organs, increases with age (Jurkiewicz et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metals and micronutrients in bone tissues of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)

et al. 2012

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In this study we determined the levels of trace elements (zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and mercury) in three layers of bones of the hip joint (cartilage, compact bone and spongy bone) of 30 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from north-western Poland. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ICP-AES) in inductively coupled argon plasma using a Perkin-Elmer Optima 2000 DV. Determination of Hg concentration was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In cartilage, compact bone and spongy bone samples from the red fox, median concentrations of the metals studied could be arranged in the following descending series: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg, the values ranging from 142 to 0.002 mg/kg dw. There was a significant difference in Cu concentrations, among all the materials analyzed, with much more Cu found in spongy bone than in compact bone. Significant differences were also noted in the case of Hg concentrations in cartilage with compact bone and the spongy bone, and between concentrations of this metal in compact bone and spongy bone. In males, the concentration of Hg in spongy bone was greater than in females. Younger foxes had a higher concentration of this metal in cartilage than adults. The strongest synergistic relationships were observed in spongy bone between the Zn and Cu, Zn and Cd, as well as between Cu and Cd. Statistically significant antagonistic relationships were detected between zinc and lead in compact bone. In addition to monitoring studies conducted on the abiotic environment, an urgent need exists for long-term monitoring of concentrations of heavy metals with long-term effects on living organisms. An important addition is provided by biomonitoring studies on domesticated and free-living mammals, including Canidae.

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“…This difference in half-life time ranges from a few years in vertebrae to more than 16 years in the calcaneum (os calcis). The half-life excretion time of lead stored in cortical bone was calculated at 5 to 15 years, but may be as high as 25 years [13][14][15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead and Calcium Content in the Human Hip Joint

Brodziak-Dopierała

Kowol

Kwapuliński

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Concentration of lead in bone, unlike in soft tissues, increases during the lifetime and reflects severity of exposure to this element. The main aim of the study was to determine concentrations of lead and calcium and to find possible relationship between calcium and lead in the tissues of the hip joints obtained from inhabitants of the Upper Silesian Industrial Area. We also attempted to identify factors that might affect this relationship. The samples were harvested intraoperatively during total hip replacement procedures; in most cases, the indication for the surgery was hip osteoarthritis. Concentrations of lead and calcium were measured with a Pye Unicam SP-9 acetylene-oxygen flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The highest mean concentration of lead was found in the cancellous bone from the femoral head, followed by articular cartilage, cortical bone and the intertrochanteric cancellous bone (0.75 μg/g). The smallest concentration was found in the joint capsule (0.19 μg/g). The highest mean concentration of calcium was found in cancellous bone from the femoral head, followed by cancellous bone from the intertrochanteric area, cortical bone, articular cartilage and joint capsule. The concentration of lead showed no correlation with sex. The bone concentration of calcium decreased with age. In the analysed hips, this finding was true in the cortical bone, as well as in the cancellous bone of the intertrochanteric area. Statistically significant correlation between calcium and lead was found only in the hip articular cartilage.

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Lead concentrations in cortical and trabecular bones in deceased smelter workers

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality

Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality

Trace metals and micronutrients in bone tissues of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)

Lead and Calcium Content in the Human Hip Joint

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