Lead contamination of soil in the vicinity of a military shooting range in Ibadan, Nigeria

Etim, Effiong Ukorebi; Onianwa, P. C.

doi:10.1080/02772248.2012.678997

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The general physicochemical properties of soil (Table 2) on the berm and its surrounding are similar to previously reported soil conditions [18]. A generally reducing soil pH (5.96 -6.43) and high organic matter content (5.08% -5.91%) characterized the area, owing to its tropical climatic condition.…”

Section: Lead Levels In Soilsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Invariably, lead levels within the surrounding vicinity of the berm are correlated and arise from a similar source. Comparatively, Pb levels at the impact area (17,500 ± 3811 µg/g) were significantly higher than previous study of 5680 ± 2700 µg/g, although levels at 10 to 75 m marks were about the same [18]. This indicates a threefold increase in Pb in a space of ten years from last previous study conducted in 2004 [18].…”

Section: Lead Levels In Soilcontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Depending on soil chemistry; these climatic conditions could enhance mobility of fragmented lead shot from impact berm to surrounding soils mainly used for agricultural purpose, since there are no well-defined drainages within the range. Previous assessment studies carried out in 2004 on the range showed lead levels as high as 5680 ± 2700 µg/g on the impact berm [18]. This research study will be the first to be conducted to simulate varying rainfall conditions has it relates to mobility and spatial distribution of soil-bound lead adapted from an impact berm of a major military shooting range located in a tropical humid climate of West Africa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

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Distribution of Soil-Bound Lead Arising from Rainfall-Runoff Events at Impact Berm of a Military Shooting Range

Etim¹

2016

JEP

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Surface runoff from rainfall event is an important indicator of metal mobility in soil, which may enhance non-point source contamination of soil. This study is designed to assess the mobility of soil-bound lead through simulated rainfall runoff experiment and its spatial distribution within the vicinity of a berm at a major military shooting range. Contamination was more significant at the impact area of berm, indicating threefold increase in Pb (17,500 ± 3811 µg/g) within a space of ten years. However, the non-impact area (459 ± 147 µg/g) was less contaminated. Other metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn) analyzed were about background levels except for Cu at impact area. The enrichment ratio of Pb in runoff sediments was mostly high for the 0.43 mm sediment fractions independent of rainfall condition. Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot showed strong correlation between spatial distributions of metals around the vicinity of the berm (farmlands behind the berm) with concentrations on the impact berm soil. Surface runoff simulated on impact area soil had high concentrations of Pb (40.4-65.6 µg/mL) which could further lead to enrichment of soil-Pb levels within the vicinity of the berm. Decontamination measure is therefore required to minimize extensive contamination of surrounding soils of the impact berm due to rainfall runoff events.

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Section: Lead Levels In Soilsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Lead Levels In Soilcontrasting

confidence: 53%

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confidence: 90%

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Distribution of Soil-Bound Lead Arising from Rainfall-Runoff Events at Impact Berm of a Military Shooting Range

Etim¹

2016

JEP

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“…Environmental contamination from training and testing is diverse and widespread on military lands, and includes everything from radioactive waste to lead to a range of chemicals associated with propellants, explosives, solvents, and fuels . These compounds often persist for decades or longer and reach plants and wildlife through tainted soils and groundwater, but studies of their impacts are limited and often inconclusive.…”

Section: Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity conservation and armed conflict: a warfare ecology perspective

Hanson

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The activities involved in preparing for, executing, and recovering from armed conflict are globally pervasive and consequential, with significant impacts on natural systems. Effects on biodiversity are predominantly negative, produced by direct and indirect battlefield impacts, as well as the general breakdown of social, economic, and governance systems during wartime. Certain conservation opportunities do occur, however, particularly on lands set aside for training exercises, buffer zones, and peace parks. Here, the relationship between armed conflict and biodiversity is reviewed using the temporal framework of warfare ecology, which defines warfare as an ongoing process of three overlapping stages: preparations, war (armed conflict), and postwar activities. Several themes emerge from recent studies, including a heightened awareness of biodiversity conservation on military lands, the potential for scientific and conservation engagement to mitigate negative biodiversity impacts in war zones, and the importance of the postwar period for incorporating biodiversity priorities into reconstruction and recovery efforts. Research limitations and knowledge gaps are also discussed.

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“…In the burn areas, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) should be taken into account (Clausen et al, 2004). In the case of risk elements, Pb and Sb contents in soil, their plant-available portions, and/or their potential leachability to groundwater supplies are frequently discussed at military training and/or sport shooting ranges (Zhu et al, 2012;Etim andOnianwa, 2012, Sanderson et al, 2012). According to Tanskanen et al (1991), an average shoot contains up to 97% metallic lead, 2% antimony, 0.5% arsenic, and 0.5% nickel, while jacketed bullets contain up to 90% metallic lead, 9% copper, and 1% zinc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Contents of Selected Risk Elements and Organic Pollutants in Soil and Vegetation within a Former Military Area

Sládková

Száková

Havelcová

et al. 2015

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal

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The contents of selected risk elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V, Zn), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and n-alkanes were determined in soils collected at the former military training base Milovice-Mladá (Czech Republic), where military activities were terminated in 1991. Seventeen soil samples were collected from the former tank shooting range called "Benátecký vrch" (area 16.2 ha) covered with herbaceous vegetation cover. No sample exceeding the threshold limits for maximum permissible limits of risk elements in soil was identified. The contents of organic pollutants in soil also did not pose a potential environmental risk. The risk element contents (especially Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in aboveground biomass of Dactylis glomerata (Poaceae), Hypericum perforatum (Hypericaceae), Galium verum (Rubiaceae), and Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae) sampled close to the soil sampling points indicated, however, potential environmental damage originating from the municipal landfill covering a substantial part of the area since 1995.

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Lead contamination of soil in the vicinity of a military shooting range in Ibadan, Nigeria

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Distribution of Soil-Bound Lead Arising from Rainfall-Runoff Events at Impact Berm of a Military Shooting Range

Distribution of Soil-Bound Lead Arising from Rainfall-Runoff Events at Impact Berm of a Military Shooting Range

Biodiversity conservation and armed conflict: a warfare ecology perspective

The Contents of Selected Risk Elements and Organic Pollutants in Soil and Vegetation within a Former Military Area

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