Lead exposure and its impact on immune system: A review

Mishra, K.P.

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.014

Cited by 171 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Immune and neurological system PM, particularly the heavy metals, interacts with the immune system in an antigen nonspecific fashion (69,98). As such, these metals can lead to malfunction or disruption of regulatory systems (98).…”

Section: Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air pollution, aeroallergens and suicidality: a review of the effects of air pollution and aeroallergens on suicidal behavior and an exploration of possible mechanisms

Ragguett

Danielle

Subramaniapillai

et al. 2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Objective: Risk factors for suicide can be broadly categorized as sociodemographic, clinical and treatment. There is interest in environmental risk and protection factors for suicide. Emerging evidence suggests a link between environmental factors in the form of air pollution and aeroallergens in relation to suicidality. Methods: Herein, we conducted a systematic review of 15 articles which have met inclusion criteria on the aforementioned effects. Results: The majority of the reviewed articles reported an increased suicide risk alongside increased air pollutants or aeroallergens (i.e. pollen) increase; however, not all environmental factors were explored equally. In specific, studies that were delimited to evaluating particulate matter (PM) reported a consistent association with suicidality. We also provide a brief description of putative mechanisms (e.g. inflammation and neurotransmitter dysregulation) that may mediate the association between air pollution, aeroallergens and suicidality. Conclusion:Available evidence suggests that exposure to harmful air quality may be associated with suicidality. There are significant public health implications which are amplified in regions and countries with greater levels of air pollution and aeroallergens. In addition, those with atopic sensitivity may represent a specific subgroup that is at risk.

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Section: Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, these metals can lead to malfunction or disruption of regulatory systems (98). Specifically, lead exposure has been shown to result in changes to the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems in the brain.…”

Section: Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution, aeroallergens and suicidality: a review of the effects of air pollution and aeroallergens on suicidal behavior and an exploration of possible mechanisms

Ragguett

Danielle

Subramaniapillai

et al. 2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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“…Gene expression modulation, Pb exposure, and oxidative stress Lead competes with metals necessary for living organisms in metal-binding domains, transcription factors, and other proteins, which likely contributes to Pb-induced alterations of gene expression in cells [32] in several physiological systems, including the immune system [4]. Cytokines are regulatory proteins, which can be affected differentially by heavy metals, which in turn may cause the dysregulation of innate and/or adaptive immune responses.…”

Section: Pb-induced Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the immune system is recognized as a target of Pb-induced toxicity, even at exposure levels previously regarded as safe. Lead targets leukocytes by disrupting their regulation and functional capacity [4]. In this sense, Pb may promote T-helper (T h ) cell dysregulation and alter the availability of key T h 1 and T h 2 cytokines [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of immunoregulatory genes and its relationship to lead exposure and lead‐mediated oxidative stress in wild ungulates from an abandoned mining area

Rodríguez-Estival

Lastra

Ortiz‐Santaliestra

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal that can induce oxidative stress and affect the immune system by modifying the expression of immunomodulator-related genes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between Pb exposure and the transcriptional profiles of some cytokines, as well as the relationship between Pb exposure and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers observed in the spleen of wild ungulates exposed to mining pollution. Red deer and wild boar from the mining area studied had higher spleen, liver, and bone Pb levels than controls, indicating a chronic exposure to Pb pollution. Such exposure caused a depletion of spleen glutathione levels in both species and disrupted the activity of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting the generation of oxidative stress conditions. Deer from the mining area also showed an induced T-helper (T h )-dependent immune response toward the T h 2 pathway, whereas boar from the mining area showed a cytokine profile suggesting an inclination of the immune response toward the T h 1 pathway. These results indicate that environmental exposure to Pb may alter immune responses in wild ungulates exposed to mining pollution. However, evidence of direct relationships between Pb-mediated oxidative stress and the changes detected in immune responses were not found. Further research is needed to evaluate the immunotoxic potential of Pb pollution, also considering the prevalence of chronic infectious diseases in wildlife in environments affected by mining activities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:876-883.

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“…Pinto et al 2003, Pereira et al 2009), numerous researchers have focused on the toxic effects of such chemicals on organisms, including humans (e.g. Dell'Anno et al 2003, Bielmyer et al 2006, Thompson & Bannigan 2008, Mishra 2009). Based on their toxicity, it is recommended that the environmental concentrations of some chemicals be restricted to low levels (Bielmyer et al 2006).…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of zinc on the remineralisation of dissolved organic matter in the coastal environment

Wada

2011

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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-1 ), DOM concentrations at the end of the experimental period (Day 14) increased 2.4 to 6.9%, and turnover time prolonged with a timescale of weeks to months. These potential shifts induced by Zn suggest that the allochthonous input of Zn into the coastal environment leads to suppression of energy flow in the microbial loop and enhances transport of DOM from coastal to offshore areas. KEY WORDS: Zinc · Zn · DOM · Remineralisation · Bacterial abundance Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 63: [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] 2011 higher concentrations of pollutants have been detected in coastal areas (Reddy et al. 2005, Cuong et al. 2008, Siddique et al. 2009) when compared to oceanic regions (Ellwood & Van den Berg 2000, Fukuda et al. 2000. Because some of the chemicals can alter biological activities (e.g. Pinto et al. 2003, Pereira et al. 2009), numerous researchers have focused on the toxic effects of such chemicals on organisms, including humans (e.g. Dell'Anno et al. 2003, Bielmyer et al. 2006, Thompson & Bannigan 2008, Mishra 2009). Based on their toxicity, it is recommended that the environmental concentrations of some chemicals be restricted to low levels (Bielmyer et al. 2006).Because zinc (Zn) is one of the heavy metals regarded as being less toxic to human health unless the concentration is abnormally high (Walsh et al. 1994), its concentration is loosely regulated (Water Quality Standards: 10 to 86 μg Zn l -1 ) (Chongprasith et al. 1999, Nagpal 1999, FDEP 2005, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation in Japan 2008), allowing considerable emissions of Zn from anthropogenic sources. In addition, much of the runoff of Zn occurs not only from human activity but also derives from natural environments (Hoshika & Shiozawa 1986). These findings indicate concentrations of Zn that are several orders of magnitude higher in many coastal environments when compared to other toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, copper and lead (Shitashima & Tsubota 1990, Reddy et al. 2005, Cuong et al. 2008).As mentioned above, Zn (compared with other heavy metals) is regarded as being a relatively less toxic element for humans and higher organisms, but it exerts a strong inhibitory effect on bacterial activity (Paulsson et al. 2000). Most studies on the effect of Zn on bacteria have been carried out in freshwater environments (Nweke et al. 2006, Vega-López et al. 2007; the results have shown a strong suppression of bacterial growth at low concentrations (> 0.1 μg Zn l -1 ), which is about an order of magnitude lower than the effective level on phytoplankton (Paulsson et al. 2000). Although there have been just a few studies on the effects of Zn on marine bacterial communities (Ku$pilić et al. 1989, Caroppo et al. 2006, RochelleNewall et al. 2008, these studies, too, have suggested that the activity of marine bacteria is also inhibited by the addition of Zn at 1 to 100 μg Zn l -1 . However, the impact on marine bacteria might be a little weak ...

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Lead exposure and its impact on immune system: A review

Cited by 171 publications

References 39 publications

Air pollution, aeroallergens and suicidality: a review of the effects of air pollution and aeroallergens on suicidal behavior and an exploration of possible mechanisms

Air pollution, aeroallergens and suicidality: a review of the effects of air pollution and aeroallergens on suicidal behavior and an exploration of possible mechanisms

Expression of immunoregulatory genes and its relationship to lead exposure and lead‐mediated oxidative stress in wild ungulates from an abandoned mining area

Inhibitory effect of zinc on the remineralisation of dissolved organic matter in the coastal environment

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