Lead Exposure in Early Life: Health Consequences

Hammond, P. Brett; Dietrich, Kim N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3416-6_3

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…To capture the information needed for exposure assessment and subsequent risk assessment, a combination of environmental and biologic data are needed (Dietrich et al 1993;Hammond and Dietrich 1990;Que Hee et al 1985). Factors that modulate exposure may be identified through appropriate statistical analyses of observational data, use of questionnaires, biologic samples, or environmental measurements (Buncher et al 1990).…”

Section: Qualitative and Quantitative Data Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure assessment for endocrine disruptors: some considerations in the design of studies.

Rice

Birnbaum

Cogliano

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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In studies designed to evaluate exposure-response relationships in children's development from conception through puberty, multiple factors that affect the generation of meaningful exposure metrics must be considered. These factors include multiple routes of exposure; the timing, frequency, and duration of exposure; need for qualitative and quantitative data; sample collection and storage protocols; and the selection and documentation of analytic methods. The methods for exposure data collection and analysis must be sufficiently robust to accommodate the a priori hypotheses to be tested, as well as hypotheses generated from the data. A number of issues that must be considered in study design are summarized here.

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Section: Qualitative and Quantitative Data Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure assessment for endocrine disruptors: some considerations in the design of studies.

Rice

Birnbaum

Cogliano

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Both human and animal investigations showed that inorganic lead can pass the placental barrier and affect the foetal organs including brain (Korpela et al 1986, Mushak et al 1989, Goyer 1990, Klein et al 1994. Other human studies revealed that the functional state of the nervous system can be compromised even by a low level lead exposure of the foetus and newborn (Hammond and Dietrich 1990), and also that newborn babies can be more or less continuously exposed for several months by the lead content of breast milk (Schramel et al 1988). As lead is continuously present in the environment and is regularly detected in food, the combined pre-and postnatal lead exposure seems to be a real risk to the population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of lead exposure of rats during pregnancy, lactation, and postweaning. A combined behavioural and neurotoxicological study

Nagymajtényi

Dési

Schulz³

et al. 1998

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Behavioural and electrophysiological changes caused by inorganic lead treatment at different phases of the ontogenesis were investigated in Wistar rats. They were treated by gavage with 80.0, 160.0, and 320.0 mg/ kg lead during the 5th-15th days of pregnancy, or the 5th-15th days of pregnancy + 4 weeks of lactation (females of P generation), or the 5th-15th days of pregnancy + 4 weeks of lactation (females of P generation) + 8 weeks after weaning (males of F1 generation). The behavioural (open field) and electrophysiological (electrocorticog ram, cortical evoked potentials, etc.) parameters of F1 male rats in the above groups were investigated at the age of 12 weeks. Only rats exposed to lead during pregnancy exhibited a significant hyperactivity in the OF test expressed as a higher ambulation rate in the first minute in the OF and as longer running distances. Grooming was also increased. The spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological functions showed dose-and treatment-dependent changes (e.g. decreased mean amplitude and increased frequency of the electrocorticogram, lengthened latency and duration of the evoked potentials, etc.). The results indicate that the low-level pre-and postnatal inorganic lead exposure considerably affects both the behaviour and the function of the nervous system.

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“…This is generally not the case in Jakarta; thus, lead content of drinking water was expectedly low (Table 2). Because adverse effects of lead are already seen at very low blood lead concentrations (18) and because lead is ubiquitous in our environment, the definition of an acceptable no-effect level in blood is very crucial. In a remote Himalayan population, average blood lead concentrations of 2.7 pg/100 ml were measured (7); in Yanomami Indians, lead in blood was not higher than 0.84 pg/100 ml (19t).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Lead Exposure in Schoolchildren from Jakarta

Heinze¹,

Gross²,

Stehle³

et al. 1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Children attending schools in urban areas with high tmffic density are a high risk group for lead poisoning. We assessed the magnitude oflead exposure in schoolchildren from Jakarta by analyzing blood lead concentrations and biomarkers ofheme biosynthesis. A total of 131 children from four public elementary schools in Jakarta (two in the southern district and two in the central district) were enrolled in the study. To evaluate lead pollution in each. area, soil samples and tap water were collected. The mean blood lead concentration was higher in the central distrct than in the southern district (8.3 ± 2.8 vs. 6.9 ± 3.5 pg/100 ml; p

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Lead Exposure in Early Life: Health Consequences

Cited by 24 publications

References 92 publications

Exposure assessment for endocrine disruptors: some considerations in the design of studies.

Exposure assessment for endocrine disruptors: some considerations in the design of studies.

Consequences of lead exposure of rats during pregnancy, lactation, and postweaning. A combined behavioural and neurotoxicological study

Assessment of Lead Exposure in Schoolchildren from Jakarta

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