Lead-free (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3–CeO2 ceramics with high piezoelectric coefficient obtained by low-temperature sintering

Correlation of grain size, phase transition and piezoelectric properties in Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 ceramics

“…From then on, many modified BaTiO 3 -based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (e.g., (Ba 1-x Ca x )(Ti 0.95 Zr 0.05 )O 3 [15], Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 -x(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 [16], Ba(Zr 0.15 Ti 0.85 )O 3 -x(Ba 0.8 Ca 0.2 ) TiO 3 [17], (Ba 0.93 Ca 0.07 )(Ti 0.95 Zr 0.05 )O 3 [18], Pr 2 O 3 [19], ZnO [20], MnO 2 [21], CeO 2 [22] and La [23] doped Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Ti 0.90 Zr 0.10 O 3 , etc.) have been prepared and the effects of sintering methods [24], sintering temperature [25][26][27], dwell time during sintering [28], and poling conditions [29] on the piezoelectric properties of Ba 0.85-Ca 0.15 Ti 0.90 Zr 0.10 O 3 ceramics have been investigated.…”

Effects of Bi2O3 additive on sintering process and dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 lead-free piezoceramics

“…In order to surmount these problems, the effects of a number of additives have been studied. It has been found that small amounts (<1 mol%) of CeO 2 [16] and Y 2 O 3 [17] reduce the sintering temperature of BCZT to 1350 • C, without any deleterious effects on its small-signal piezoelectric properties. Other additives, such as CuO, have also been used to densify and lower the sintering temperature of BCZT ceramics [18,19].…”

Low sintering temperature and high piezoelectric properties of Li-doped (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 lead-free ceramics

“…However, it needs high energy consumption to sinter at such high temperature. Therefore, many researchers manage to lower the sintering temperature of the BCTZ piezoelectric ceramics by doping with metal oxides, such as, divalent oxides (ZnO [13], CuO [14]), trivalent oxides (Y 2 O 3 [15]), and tetravalent oxides (CeO 2 [16]). Moreover, phase transition of BCTZ ceramics occurs more easily when dopants have lower valence, such as, Zn 2+ [13] and Cu 2+ [14].…”