Lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitors with ultra-wide temperature dielectric stability based on multifaceted modification

Li, Xudong; Song, Beibei; Cheng, Huarong; Fu, Yutong; Zheng, Mupeng; Zhu, Ming‐Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.10.048

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Despite the above treatment, there is ongoing scientific interest in creating new materials to eliminate the use of precious and critical metals for cost reduction and mitigate the "balance problem" [3,13,22,27,[40][41][42][43][44]. Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs)…”

Section: Multi-layer Ceramic Capacitors (Mlccs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, the share of BM-MLCC nickel (Ni) accounts for 60% of the total production of MLCCs. Despite the above treatment, there is ongoing scientific interest in creating new materials to eliminate the use of precious and critical metals for cost reduction and mitigate the "balance problem" [3,13,22,27,[40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Multi-layer Ceramic Capacitors (Mlccs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ce, barium (Ba), and titanium (Ti) were detected in the ceramic dielectric (Figure 13c), and Ni was detected in electrodes (Figure 13d). Precious metals were not detected in their electrodes, even though Pt and a Ag-Pd alloy were used for their manufacture [16,22,42,43,49,69].…”

Section: Edx Analysis Of Mlccs From Lighting Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Sideris,

Fragoulis,

Stathopoulos

et al. 2023

Recycling

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The need to reduce energy consumption in buildings, the emergence of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps in lighting around 2010, their long lifetime, and the 2025 target to use only LED lamps are changing the existing composition of Category 3 waste electrical–electronic equipment (WEEE) and creating expectations for simple, high-concentration recycling streams. In this study, multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) detached from the lighting sector’s WEEE were characterised for the presence of rare earth elements (REEs) and precious metals (PMs). Their digestion was carried out with HNO3 and aqua regia on a heating plate and characterised using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The contents of REEs and PMs found in the MLCCs were 0.84 wt% and 0.60 wt%, respectively, and create an economic stored value that is essentially defined by PMs of 98.67% and by palladium (Pd) of 78.37%. The analysis showed that the content of the main elements was: neodymium (Nd) 0.366 wt%, yttrium (Y) 0.220 wt%, dysprosium (Dy) 0.131 wt%, silver (Ag) 0.467 wt%, and Pd 0.105 wt%. These results indicate the need for selective removal and separate recycling processes of MLCCs from WEEE drivers.

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Section: Multi-layer Ceramic Capacitors (Mlccs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multi-layer Ceramic Capacitors (Mlccs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Sideris,

Fragoulis,

Stathopoulos

et al. 2023

Recycling

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“…11,12 It has been well known that introducing a paraelectric CaZrO 3 (CZ), one of the class 1 dielectric materials, can enhance thermal stability by impeding the long-range order, inducing polar nano regions (PNRs). 13,14 Meanwhile, low dielectric loss and high dielectric breakdown strength (BDS) should also be considered for automotive MLCCs because they determine the reliability of MLCC. 15,16 In consideration of the above requirements, various non-BT compositions have been developed; for example, Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 -(K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 )-CaZrO 3 (BNT-BT-KNN-CZ), 17 (1−x)(0.94Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -0.06BaTiO 3 )-xCaZrO 3 (BNT-6BT-CZ), 8 (1−x) [0.8(0.94Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 -0.06BaTiO 3 )-0.2CaZrO 3 ]-xBiAlO 3 (BNT-6BT-CZ-BA), 18 (1−x)(K 0.49 Na 0.49 Li 0.02 )(Nb 0.8 Ta 0.2 )O 3 -xCaZrO 3 (KNLNT-CZ), 19 (1−x)K 0.5 Na 0.5 Nb 0.997 Cu 0.0075 O 3 -xSrZrO 3 (KNNC-SZ), 6 (1−x)(0.56Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -0.14K 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -0.3NaNbO 3 )-xCaZrO 3 (NKBT-NN-CZ), 13 (1−x)(0.6Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 TiO 3 -0.4Bi 1/2 K 1/2 TiO 3 )-xK 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (BNT-BKT-KNN), 20 etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced dielectric reliability in the X9R‐type Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO₃‐CaZrO₃ relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Lee,

Yeo,

2024

J Am Ceram Soc.

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High‐performance dielectric ceramic capacitors for automotive applications require high operation temperature, thermal stability, and reliability for dielectric ceramics. A broad composition search has been carried out to replace the existing BaTiO3‐based dielectrics having limited upper operating temperature due to the relatively low Curie temperature at around 120°C. However, most of the developed compositions are too complicated and compositionally sensitive, making them difficult to commercialize. This study introduces a dielectrically reliable ceramic system based on Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (BNT) with a wide operation temperature range simply by adding paraelectric CaZrO3 (CZ). At 15 mol% addition of CZ to BNT, the permittivity variation within ±15% from −55 to 280°C was achieved, which surpasses the EIA‐X9R standard. Moreover, the dielectric reliability was shown with low dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.02) for the aforementioned temperature range and remarkable dielectric breakdown strength (∼260 kV/cm) at room temperature. Along with the proposal of a promising high‐performance dielectric material, structural analysis and dielectric behavior investigation as a function of CZ contents were presented.

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“…BaTiO 3 finds practical applications in classic capacitors, thermistors, and varistors [12][13][14][15], piezoelectric sensors, and piezoelectric transducers [16][17][18]. Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with a BaTiO 3 ferroelectric as the core material have a low-temperature coefficient of capacitance over a wide temperature range, and are currently the commercial MLCC with the largest demand in the market [19,20]. Ceramic materials based on BaTiO 3 are also used to build ferroelectric random access memories; the so-called FeRAM [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance Spectroscopy of Fe and La-Doped BaTiO3 Ceramics

Adamczyk-Habrajska,

Wodecka-Dus,

Goryczka

et al. 2024

Crystals

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A wide range of the interesting properties of electroceramics Ba0.996La0.004Ti0.999O3 (BLT4) undoubtedly deserves differentiation and optimization. For this purpose, the corresponding donor oxide dope Fe2O3 was introduced in excess quantities into the base ceramics. In this way, an innovative ceramic material with the general formula of Ba0.996La0.004Ti1−yFeyO3 (BLTF), for y = 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, has been produced. The crystal structure of BLTF ceramics was investigated using X-ray diffraction. The diffraction peaks in XRD confirm the formation of the tetragonal perovskite phase. The electrical properties of BLTF ceramics have been tested using impedance spectroscopy, in the frequency range of 20 Hz–2 MHz and the temperature range of 20–580 °C. To gain absolute certainty on the consistency of the measured data, the obtained impedance spectra were analyzed using the Kramers–Kronig method. The usage of an equivalent circuit, proposed by the authors, allowed grain and grain boundary resistivity to be obtained. Based on the diagram of the natural logarithm of the mentioned resistivity versus the reciprocal absolute temperature, the activation energies of the conductivity processes have been determined. The values of activation energies indicated that the admixture of iron introduced into the BLT4 ceramics played a crucial role in the conductivity of grains and intergranular borders.

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Lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitors with ultra-wide temperature dielectric stability based on multifaceted modification

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Enhanced dielectric reliability in the X9R‐type Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO₃‐CaZrO₃ relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Impedance Spectroscopy of Fe and La-Doped BaTiO3 Ceramics

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Lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitors with ultra-wide temperature dielectric stability based on multifaceted modification

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Enhanced dielectric reliability in the X9R‐type Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3‐CaZrO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Impedance Spectroscopy of Fe and La-Doped BaTiO3 Ceramics

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Enhanced dielectric reliability in the X9R‐type Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO₃‐CaZrO₃ relaxor ferroelectric ceramics