Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Composite Based on a Metamaterial for Electromechanical Energy Conversion

Abstract

Additive manufacturing of arbitrary shapes and unique architecture provides remarkable flexibility and simplicity for the preparation of highly complex conformal electronics. This drives up demand for electronic materials with excellent process ability and functionality from one‐step molding of microminiature to large‐scale devices. Herein, a novel method is introduced for fabricating high‐performance barium titanate (BaTiO3)‐polydimethylsiloxane composites based on three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing‐ordered structure of a metamaterial skeleton. When subjected to external mechanical stress, the metamaterial structure facilitates effective stress transfer, resulting in a significantly improved voltage output. In comparison to traditional low‐dimensional ceramic polymer composites, metamaterial‐structured BaTiO3 composites exhibit excellent electromechanical energy conversion properties, thereby enabling tactile imitation applications and mechanical energy harvesting. This study proposes a novel strategy for biological signal identification and implantable self‐powered electronic applications.

Bioinspired Soft Elastic Metamaterials for Reconstruction of Natural Hearing

“…These materials with microstructures of ≈1‐µm are arranged in a specific order, which is difficult to integrate and form with current single manufacturing technology. Recent researches (relate to stereolithography [ 34 ] and fiber drawing [ 35 ] technologies) have shown the potential for manufacturing such complex microstructures. We will attempt to manufacture small BSEM based on these technical means in future work.…”

Additive Manufacturing Provides Infinite Possibilities for Self‐Sensing Technology

“…Thus, piezoelectric polymers and piezoceramic/polymer composites are currently the most widely used materials for the AMSSIDs. [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ] Similarly, with the help of additive manufacturing technology, piezoelectric materials can better play the self‐sensing function. First, additive manufacturing is theoretically capable of creating any shape, making these piezoelectric materials a better match for smart devices.…”

“…[ 27 , 48 , 49 , 50 ] Functional materials are commonly used for SSIDs, including conductive polymer composites, piezoelectric materials, magnetic polymer composites, photoresponsive materials, and other materials. [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ] These materials can convert external stimuli into electrical, magnetic, and optical signals. Together, they have high strength and stiffness, are used as actuators, and can be used as structural materials.…”

Piezoelectric Glass‐Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring and Stiffness Sensing

“…Piezoelectric materials, due to their unique electromechanical properties, are promising candidates for various industrial and scientific applications. [1][2][3] In recent years, there has been a growing interest in piezoelectric composite materials and polymers. [4][5][6][7] Their exceptional flexibility and wide-ranging application possibilities render them ideal candidates for incorporation into multifunctional composite materials, particularly in the design and development of advanced sensor systems.…”