Lead(II) adsorption onto the graphene layer of carbonaceous materials in aqueous solution

The role of nanomaterials as effective adsorbents and their applications in wastewater treatment

“…An ideal adsorbent for wastewater treatment purposes should satisfy the following criteria [26]: (1) should be environmentally benign; (2) should demonstrate a high sorption capacity and high selectivity especially to the pollutants occurring in water at low concentration; (3) the adsorbed pollutants can be easily removed from its surface, and (4) should be recyclable. In recent years, many studies have proved that the nanomaterials can satisfy most of these requirements [38][39][40].…”

Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution on Oxidized Activated Carbon Fibers

“…The proton was also released from outgassed ACF because a few surface acidic functional groups still remained onto the surface. Most of studies indicated that the ion exchange between carboxy groups and Pb(II) ion was based on the left part of Figure 7 [2,3,16]. However, in this study the ratio of released protons to adsorbed Pb(II) with no adjustment of Fig.…”

“…As we all know, lead has been introduced into the soil and ground water from the industry such as storage batteries, mining, plating, paint and dyes, ammunition and so on [1][2][3]. The amount of excess lead in the soil and ground water is threatening for human beings as well as ecosystem [2,3].…”

“…The amount of excess lead in the soil and ground water is threatening for human beings as well as ecosystem [2,3]. The permissible limit of lead in drinking water and ground water regulated by WHO is 0.01 mg/L, which is the same as the limit in Japan [1].…”

“…The permissible limit of lead in drinking water and ground water regulated by WHO is 0.01 mg/L, which is the same as the limit in Japan [1]. Heavy metals in aqueous solution can be removed by chemical precipitation, ion exchange, liquid membrane extraction, electrode deposition, biological processes and adsorption [2,3].…”