Lead in children’s jewelry: the impact of regulation

Negev, Maya; Berman, Tamar; Goulden, Shula; Reicher, Shay; Barnett-Itzhaki, Zohar; Ardi, Ruti; Shammai, Yaniv; Diamond, Miriam L.

doi:10.1038/s41370-021-00308-6

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the initial population, jewelry shape, color, etc. can be expressed as specific hierarchical structure data, each functional unit corresponds to a structural feature parameter, and each chromosome contains a series of feature parameter sets [18]. The feasible solution is transformed from the solution space to the search space, and the characteristic floating-point parameters are encoded into the jewelry individual through this hierarchical structure [6].…”

Section: Design Jewelry Modeling Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Optimization Control of Precious Metal Jewelry Process Based on VR Virtual Technology

Li¹

2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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In order to solve the problem that the design direction of precious metal ornaments in virtual reality environment which is complicated and most of them are operated by human, and the speed of obtaining the global optimal design result is not good, this paper proposes the numerical simulation and optimization control of precious metal ornaments process based on VR virtual technology. Through the hierarchical modeling structure design of precious metal jewelry and the coding of jewelry modeling gene, the fitness function is used to evaluate the fitness of individuals and determine the fitness of coding individuals; the evolution of jewelry modeling design scheme is supported by genetic operators. After the artificial participation conditions are met, the design scheme is evaluated manually in the virtual reality environment until a satisfactory scheme is produced. The experimental results show that under the same conditions, the design results of industrial ornaments based on genetic algorithm are 410 times less than those generated by conventional methods. Conclusion. It can accurately converge to the global optimal design result, which indicates that the genetic algorithm converges to the global optimal result faster and better in the industrial jewelry modeling design under the virtual reality environment.

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Section: Design Jewelry Modeling Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Optimization Control of Precious Metal Jewelry Process Based on VR Virtual Technology

Li¹

2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…Lead needs to be considered one of the most important toxic heavy metals in the environment, and its full spectrum toxicity is reported in a 2015 review by Wani [220]; in the European Union, lead percentage in alloys is regulated by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) and only alloys with lead content of a weight lower than 0.05% are admitted in jewelry. Other important regulations are the US standard ASTM F2999-19 [221] for adult's jewelry, which sets a 1.5% threshold for lead in alloys, and the US standard ASTM F2923-14 [222] for children's jewelry, which sets the threshold at 0.01% [223]. Determination of lead content in a sample is regulated under CPSC-CH-E1001-08.3 [224], ISO 26482:2010 [225], and EPA 6010C:2014 [226].…”

Section: Heavy Metals' Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

PVD for Decorative Applications: A Review

et al. 2023

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Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a widely utilized process in various industrial applications, serving as a protective and hard coating. However, its presence in fields like fashion has only recently emerged, as electroplating processes had previously dominated this reality. The future looks toward the replacement of the most hazardous and toxic electrochemical processes, especially those involving Cr(VI) and cyanide galvanic baths, which have been restricted by the European Union. Unfortunately, a complete substitution with PVD coatings is not feasible. Currently, the combination of both techniques is employed to achieve new aesthetic features, including a broader color range and diverse textures, rendering de facto PVD of primary interest for the decorative field and the fashion industry. This review aims to outline the guidelines for decorative industries regarding PVD processes and emphasize the recent advancements, quality control procedures, and limitations.

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“…The chemical element lead is toxic: short-term exposure to a low dosage of lead can inflict permanent damage with immediate danger for life and health. − Lead poisoning is most harmful for young children and can cause lifelong severe health problems, ranging from decreasing neurological and cognitive functions such as loss of IQ, behavioral problems, aggression, and learning disabilities, to severe physical illnesses such as blindness, convulsions, and death. − Due to the omnipresence of lead in our environmentranging from water pipes, cables and paints, to glassware, jewelry, electronics, mining and recycling, UNICEF estimates that more than one out of three children worldwide (800 million children) suffer from lead poisoning, and the cost of lead poisoning is estimated at 6.9% of the Gross National Product every year. − Moreover, unlike organic pollutants, lead is not degradable and can therefore remain present to inflict harm for decades or longer. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Environmental Lead Detection by Photoluminescent Perovskite Formation with Nanogram Sensitivity

Helmbrecht,

van Dongen,

van der Weijden

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Although the global ban on leaded gasoline has markedly reduced lead poisoning, many other environmental sources of lead exposure, such as paint, pipes, mines, and recycling sites remain. Existing methods to identify these sources are either costly or unreliable. We report here a new, sensitive, and inexpensive lead detection method that relies on the formation of a perovskite semiconductor. The method only requires spraying the material of interest with methylammonium bromide and observing whether photoluminesence occurs under UV light to indicate the presence of lead. The method detects as little as 1.0 ng/mm 2 of lead by the naked eye and 50 pg/mm 2 using a digital photo camera. We exposed more than 50 different materials to our reagent and found no false negatives or false positives. The method readily detects lead in soil, paint, glazing, cables, glass, plastics, and dust and could be widely used for testing the environment and preventing lead poisoning.

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Lead in children’s jewelry: the impact of regulation

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Numerical Simulation and Optimization Control of Precious Metal Jewelry Process Based on VR Virtual Technology

Numerical Simulation and Optimization Control of Precious Metal Jewelry Process Based on VR Virtual Technology

PVD for Decorative Applications: A Review

Direct Environmental Lead Detection by Photoluminescent Perovskite Formation with Nanogram Sensitivity

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