Lead in Chinese villager house dust: Geographical variation and influencing factors

Bi, Xiangyang; Liu, Jinling; Han, Zehua; Yang, Wenlin

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.015

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Since previous research has already focused on the air pollution level of heavy metals [17], the objectives of this study were to investigate and compare the seasonal distribution characteristics, sources, and human health risks of PM2.5-bound heavy metals in different functional areas of a typical megacity in eastern China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Levels, Sources, and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM2.5 from Four Functional Areas of Nanjing City, Eastern China

Luo

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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Aerosol pollution is a serious environmental issue, especially in China where there has been rapid urbanization. To identify the intra-annual and regional distributions of health risks and potential sources of heavy metals in atmospheric particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5), this work collected monthly PM2.5 samples from urban, industrial, suburban, and rural areas in Nanjing city during 2016 and analyzed the heavy metal compositions (Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, V, Sr, Mn, Ti, and Sb). Enrichment factors (EFs) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to investigate the sources. The atmospheric PM2.5 pollution level was highest in the industrial area, followed by the urban and suburban areas, and was the lowest in the rural area. Seasonally, the concentrations of PM2.5 and associated heavy metals in spring and winter were higher than those in summer and autumn. Besides natural sources, heavy metal pollution in PM2.5 might come from metallurgical dust in the industrial area, while it mainly comes from automobile exhaust in urban and suburban areas. Health risk assessments revealed that noncancerous hazards of heavy metals in PM2.5 were low, while the lifetime cancer risks obviously exceeded the threshold. The airborne metal pollution in various functional areas of the city impacted human health differently.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Levels, Sources, and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM2.5 from Four Functional Areas of Nanjing City, Eastern China

Luo

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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“…Pb contamination is primarily generated by vehicles, combustion of coals, and smelting of nonferrous metals. − After removing the leaded gasoline since 1998, the relative contribution of coals to atmospheric Pb pollution becomes more pronounced in China. , As the world’s largest producer and consumer of coals, China is impacted by the increasingly severe Pb pollution due to the large emission of Pb (∼46 000 tons during the period of 1990–2009) from coal combustion . Apart from its detrimental effects upon the domestic ecosystems, − Pb pollution from China has been reported as a contributor for the global problems. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Isotopic Compositions of Selected Coals, Pb/Zn Ores and Fuels in China and the Application for Source Tracing

Wang

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

150

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Lead (Pb) pollution emission from China is becoming a potential worldwide threat. Pb isotopic composition analysis is a useful tool to accurately trace the Pb sources of aerosols in atmosphere. In this study, a comprehensive data set of Pb isotopes for coals, Pb/Zn ores, and fuels from China was presented. The ratios of Pb/Pb and Pb/Pb in the coals were in the range of 1.114-1.383 and 1.791-2.317, similar to those from Europe, Oceania, and South Asia, but different from those from America (p < 0.01). The Pb/Zn ores had Pb/Pb and Pb/Pb in 1.020-1.183 and 2.088-2.309, less radiogenic than the coals. Leaded gasolines showed similar Pb isotopic compositions to Pb/Zn ores, with unleaded gasolines and diesels being mixed sources. The average Pb isotopic ratios of gasolines and diesels were significantly different (p < 0.01) from those of coals in China, leading to the possibility to discriminate Pb in fuels from in coals. Urban aerosols demonstrated similar Pb isotopic compositions to coals, Pb/Zn ores, and fuels in China. After removing the leaded gasoline, the Pb in aerosols is more radiogenic, supporting the heavy contribution of coal combustion to the atmospheric Pb pollution.

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“…Soil Pb has long been expected to be a mediator of house dust Pb, a relationship supported by correlations between mean soil Pb and Pb in vacuum dust (r = 0.64) observed in AHHS II [12,13,19,20,49,50]. This finding provides needed data to support the long-standing assertion that soil Pb is an important mediator of house dust Pb [18,22,46,50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

United States house dust Pb concentrations are influenced by soil, paint, and house age: insights from a national survey

Sowers,

Nelson,

Blackmon

et al. 2024

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background Lead (Pb) in house dust contributes significantly to blood lead levels (BLLs) in children which may result in dire health consequences. Assessment of house dust Pb in the United States, relationships with Pb in soil and paint, and residential factors influencing Pb concentrations are essential to probing drivers of house dust Pb exposure. Objective Pb concentrations in vacuum-collected house dust are characterized across 346 homes participating in the American Health Homes Survey II (AHHS II), a US survey (2018–2019) evaluating residential Pb hazards. Connections between house dust Pb and soil Pb, paint Pb, and other residential factors are evaluated, and dust Pb concentration data are compared to paired loading data to understand Pb hazard standard implications. Results Mean and median vacuum dust Pb concentrations were 124 µg Pb g−1 and 34 µg Pb g−1, respectively. Vacuum-collected dust concentrations and dust wipe Pb loading rates were significantly correlated within homes (α < 0.001; r ≥ 0.4). At least one wipe sample exceeded current house dust Pb loading hazard standards (10 µg ft−2 or 100 µg Pb ft−2 for floors and windowsills, respectively) in 75 of 346 homes (22%). House dust Pb concentrations were correlated with soil Pb (r = 0.64) and Pb paint (r = 0.57). Soil Pb and paint Pb were also correlated (r = 0.6). Impact The AHHS II provides a window into the current state of Pb in and around residences. We evaluated the relationship between house dust Pb concentrations and two common residential Pb sources: soil and Pb-based paint. Here, we identify relationships between Pb concentrations from vacuum-collected dust and paired Pb wipe loading data, enabling dust Pb concentrations to be evaluated in the context of hazard standards. This relationship, along with direct ties to Pb in soil and interior/exterior paint, provides a comprehensive assessment of dust Pb for US homes, crucial for formulating effective strategies to mitigate Pb exposure risks in households.

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Lead in Chinese villager house dust: Geographical variation and influencing factors

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Seasonal Levels, Sources, and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM2.5 from Four Functional Areas of Nanjing City, Eastern China

Seasonal Levels, Sources, and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM2.5 from Four Functional Areas of Nanjing City, Eastern China

Lead Isotopic Compositions of Selected Coals, Pb/Zn Ores and Fuels in China and the Application for Source Tracing

United States house dust Pb concentrations are influenced by soil, paint, and house age: insights from a national survey

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