Lead levels in primary teeth of children in Karachi

Rahman, Abdur; Yousuf, Farzana Abubakar

doi:10.1179/027249302125000201

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A statistically insignificant difference of tooth lead levels were shown between boys and girls [8] [39] between Spanish males and females [40]. Similar conclusions were reached by a study in Finland [41].…”

Section: Sexsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Human Exposure Assessment of Element Pollution for Environmental Health Implications: Teeth as a Biomonitoring Tool

Sukumar¹

2018

GEP

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Reference values reflecting the findings of natural concentrations of teeth in a well-defined group of individuals, are indispensable, if one is to interpret results generated for clinical utility. Hence, a comprehensive compilation of literature survey is attempted to make available as a reference guideline for tooth element concentrations. Presently, the reference values are proposed for 19 elements. Several factors that are found influencing element levels, are common to any biosample and are broadly grouped under four categories namely, the factors of teeth, donor, environment and analytical methods. How best the influencing factors to be considered during analysis, are discussed. It is elucidated that standardized method of analysis with quality assurance and precision will reduce the ambiguity of comparison of inter-laboratory measurement. When the merits and demerits of element measurements are evaluated, it is recognized that except a hurdle of difficult specific sampling, many advantages make teeth an attractive material for environmental health monitoring of population and for assessment of element status of deficiency and excess due to differential exposure. The available data of tooth elements are lesser in comparison to data of blood and hair; further studies are required for reference values of others elements and for distribution pattern in different conditions, parts and types of teeth.

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Section: Sexsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…There was a significant increase in tooth lead levels with advancing age of the subjects from Coruña, Spain [40], but a few studies indicated stated that accumulation of lead in teeth was not correlated with chronological age [8] [44].…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Human Exposure Assessment of Element Pollution for Environmental Health Implications: Teeth as a Biomonitoring Tool

Sukumar¹

2018

GEP

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“…Jacob et al (2000) showed that BLLs were higher in young German children as compared with BLLs in older German children. However, Rahman and Yousuf, (2002) stated that age was not associated with dentine lead levels in children in Karachi, Pakistan. In the present study, in multivariate regression model BLLs were not significantly associated with the age of children (Table II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Blood lead levels in children of Lucknow, India

Ahamed

Verma

Kumar

et al. 2009

Environmental Toxicology

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After implementing measures to control lead pollution in many countries, blood lead levels (BLLs) in children have been declined. The phase-out of leaded petrol began in Lucknow, the capital of most populated state, Uttar Pradesh in India on April 1, 2000. We evaluated the mean BLL and associated risk factors for lead exposure in Lucknow children (3-12 years) after petrol lead phase-out activity. The mean BLL of the 200 children was 9.3 microg/dL (range: 1.0-27.9 microg/dL). Seventy-four children (37%) had BLL above the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) level of concern (10 microg/dL). When these data were compared with BLLs determined by the George Foundation among the children of Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi during the year 1997 when leaded petrol was in use, where 62%, 62%, 87%, 96%, 43%, and 95%, respectively, then exceeded the CDC intervention level. Further, BLL of present study was very close to Mumbai children (age < or =12 years) estimated following the introduction of unleaded petrol, and 33% children had BLL above the CDC concern level with an average 8.4 microg/dL. Low socioeconomic status, proximity of home to traffic density, and mother's illiteracy were the factors associated with elevated BLLs in Lucknow children (P < 0.05). Overall, results indicate a declining trend of BLL in Lucknow children when compared with those reported from other cities of India when leaded petrol was in practice. A national population-based study is recommended to determine the prevalence of elevated BLLs after the phase-out of leaded-petrol. In addition, future studies on other sources of lead exposure in Lucknow are warranted for public health purposes.

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“…Lead toxicity affects several organ systems including the nervous, haemopoietic, renal, endocrine, and skeletal systems. Paediatric lead poisoning is associated with an increased risk of undesirable effects, by virtue of children being in the growth phase and because of their increased capacity for absorption and retention 1–3 . Studies have shown that prolonged pre‐school exposure to low doses of lead in childhood results in reduction of IQ scores 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating tooth‐ and blood‐lead levels in children residing near a zinc–lead smelter in India

Hegde

Sridhar

Rao

et al. 2010

Int J Paed Dentistry

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International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 186–192 Background. Lead toxicity particularly affects children because of their increased capacity for absorption and retention. Blood‐lead (BPb) levels reflect recent exposure and are of limited value in predicting neurotoxicity, whereas in teeth, lead accumulates over a long period of time and provides an integrated record of lead exposure from intrauterine life until the teeth are shed. Aim. The present study aimed to relate tooth‐lead (TPb) and BPb levels in children residing near a zinc–lead smelter in India, and to evaluate the effectiveness of primary teeth as bioindicators of life‐long lead exposure. Design. The lead levels in primary teeth and blood of 100 children aged between 5 and 13 years, living in the proximity of a zinc–lead smelter were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean levels were tabulated based on village, age, sex and tooth type, and analysed statistically. Results. The mean BPb level was significantly influenced by proximity to the lead source, but not by age or sex. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between BPb and TPb levels. Conclusion. Primary teeth showed significantly high lead levels compared to blood; they reflect cumulative exposure to lead and prove to be better indicators of body lead burden.

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Lead levels in primary teeth of children in Karachi

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Human Exposure Assessment of Element Pollution for Environmental Health Implications: Teeth as a Biomonitoring Tool

Human Exposure Assessment of Element Pollution for Environmental Health Implications: Teeth as a Biomonitoring Tool

Blood lead levels in children of Lucknow, India

Relating tooth‐ and blood‐lead levels in children residing near a zinc–lead smelter in India

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