Lead Levels in Urine of Never-Smoking Adult Women in Non-Polluted Areas in Japan, with References to Cadmium Levels in Urine

Fukui, Yoshinari; Ezaki, Takafumi; Tsukahara, Teruomi; Moriguchi, Jiro; Furuki, Katsuya; Okamoto, Susumu; Ukai, Hirohiko; Ikeda, Masayuki

doi:10.2486/indhealth.42.415

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The mean ULL for both the pregnant women and the control group were consistent with reports from other Nigerian investigators (Ademuyiwa et al 2002;Ogunfowokan et al 2002) but high in comparison to the results reported outside Nigeria (0.77 to 5.4 μg/dL) by Fukui et al (2004), confirming increased environmental Pb in Lagos at the time of study. The results from this study on the correlation between ULL and BLL ran contrary to some literature reports that gave high and significant relationships.…”

Section: Relationship Of Blood and Urine Lead Levels To Age Of Responsupporting

confidence: 94%

Assessment of blood and urine lead levels of some pregnant women residing in Lagos, Nigeria

Adekunle

Ogundele

Oguntoke

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Assessment of lead in blood (BLL) and lead in urine (ULL) of some non-occupationally exposed, nonsmoking 214 pregnant Nigerian women, aged 17 to 49 years, and resident in Lagos was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry with control subjects consisting of 113 nonpregnant women. From results, the mean BLL and ULL (μg/dL) for pregnant women (59.5±2.1; 29.4±1.1) were significantly (p<0.01) higher than the values obtained for nonpregnant women (27.7±1.1; 9.2±0.6). BLL found in women in the first, second, and third trimesters were 57.2±2.3, 61.6±2.2, and 63.1±1.8, respectively. ULL could not serve to predict BLL due to weak correlations (r=-0.06 to +0.15; p>0.10). Study is a contribution to blood and urine lead status of Nigerian pregnant women, being relevant for healthcare management purposes, public health decision making, and possible primary prevention activities.

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Section: Relationship Of Blood and Urine Lead Levels To Age Of Responsupporting

confidence: 94%

Assessment of blood and urine lead levels of some pregnant women residing in Lagos, Nigeria

Adekunle

Ogundele

Oguntoke

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The found U-Pb concentrations indicate higher exposure in the study population (median, 2.8 and 3.8 µg/L for maternal and concurrent levels, respectively) than in U.S. women and children (median, ~ 0.7 µg/L), and more similar to that observed in Japanese women (median, 1.2 µg/L) (CDC 2010; Fukui et al 2004). Still, we found no significant association of U-Pb with children’s IQ or behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Early-Life Cadmium Exposure and Child Development in 5-Year-Old Girls and Boys: A Cohort Study in Rural Bangladesh

Kippler

Tofail

Hamadani

et al. 2012

Environ Health Perspect

186

106

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Background: Cadmium is a commonly occurring toxic food contaminant, but health consequences of early-life exposure are poorly understood.Objectives: We evaluated the associations between cadmium exposure and neurobehavioral development in preschool children.Methods: In our population-based mother–child cohort study in rural Bangladesh, we assessed cadmium exposure in 1,305 women in early pregnancy and their children at 5 years of age by measuring concentrations in urine (U-Cd), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Children’s IQ at 5 years of age, including Verbal (VIQ), Performance (PIQ), and Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), were measured by Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Behavior was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).Results: In multiple linear regression models, adjusted for sex, home stimulation, socioeconomic status (SES), and maternal and child characteristics, a doubling of maternal U-Cd was inversely associated with VIQ (–0.84 points; 95% confidence interval: –1.3, –0.40), PIQ (–0.64 points; –1.1, –0.18), and FSIQ (–0.80 points; –1.2, –0.39). Concurrent child U-Cd showed somewhat weaker association with VIQ and FSIQ, but not PIQ. Stratification by sex and SES indicated slightly stronger associations with PIQ and FSIQ in girls than in boys and in higher-income compared with lower-income families. Concurrent U-Cd was inversely associated with SDQ-prosocial behavior and positively associated with SDQ-difficult behavior, but associations were close to the null after adjustment. Quantile regression analysis showed similar associations across the whole range of each developmental outcome.Conclusion: Early-life low-level cadmium exposure was associated with lower child intelligence scores in our study cohort. Further research in this area is warranted.

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“…Pb-B was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry as previously described; the limit of detection in practice was 5 µg Pb/100 ml blood 12,15) . ALA-U was measured by two methods, i.e., by colorimetry after Tomokuni and Ichiba 3) , and by HPLC after Okayama et al 5) .…”

Section: Methods Of Determination Of Lead In Blood and δ-Aminolevulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Colorimetric and HPLC Methods for Determination of .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid in Urine with Reference to Dose-Response Relationship in Occupational Exposure to Lead

et al. 2005

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Both traditional colorimetry and recently developed HPLC-fluorometry have been in use for determination of δ δ δ δ δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALA-U), an effect marker of occupational exposure to lead (Pb). The present study was initiated to compare the values by the two methods on an epidemiology basis among workers occupationally exposed to lead (Pb), to estimate quantitatively the colorimetry-associated increment over the values by the HPLC method, to evaluate ALA-U determination in occupational health service for Pb-exposed workers, and to identify a critical Pb-B to induce an elevation in ALA-U. For this purpose, blood and urine samples were collected from three groups of Pb-exposed workers (both men and women in combination, including smokers) and analyzed for Pb in blood (Pb-B; measured in all subjects) and ALA-U (by colorimetry or HPLC), i.e., Group 1 (164 subjects with urinalysis by the two methods), Group 2 (2,923 subjects by colorimetry), and Group 3 (2,540 subjects by HPLC). ALA-U when measured by colorimetry was higher than the values by HPLC, and that the mean difference on a group basis was 1.4 mg/l (in a range of 1.1 to 1.8 mg/l), irrespective of Pb-B levels. It was also found that the increase in ALA-U was small when Pb-B was relatively low (e.g., ≤40 µg/100 ml), and that the increase on a group basis in response to an increase in Pb-B from 5 to 40 µg/100 ml was as small as ≤0.6 mg/l. Thus, ALA-U appeared to be not a sensitive marker of Pb effects at low Pb-B levels. ALA-U however increased substantially with a point of inflection at the Pb-B level of about 17-34 µg/100 ml. Thus it was concluded that ALA-U as measured by colorimetry is greater than ALA-U by HPLC by 1.4 mg/l on average irrespective of intensity of Pb-exposure, which may induce bias in evaluation of health effect, and that ALA-U levels will increase when Pb-B is in excess of 17-34 µg/100 ml.

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Lead Levels in Urine of Never-Smoking Adult Women in Non-Polluted Areas in Japan, with References to Cadmium Levels in Urine

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of blood and urine lead levels of some pregnant women residing in Lagos, Nigeria

Assessment of blood and urine lead levels of some pregnant women residing in Lagos, Nigeria

Early-Life Cadmium Exposure and Child Development in 5-Year-Old Girls and Boys: A Cohort Study in Rural Bangladesh

Comparison of Colorimetric and HPLC Methods for Determination of .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid in Urine with Reference to Dose-Response Relationship in Occupational Exposure to Lead

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