Lead oxalates in some Chinese leafy vegetable cultivation: their biomineralization and remediation by oxalate degrading Streptomyces sp.

An update about plant growth promoting Streptomyces species

“…The soil microenvironment is improved by the ability of Streptomyces pactum and other Streptomyces spp. to facilitate the extraction of inorganic pollutants from the soil and their uptake by organisms [41,42]. This process enhanced chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidases and plant biomass of potherb mustard (Brassica juncea, Coss) growing in contaminated soil [41].…”

“…Heavy metals -roots and leaves Alkaloids -roots and leaves Polypeptides -roots, stem and leaves Phenols -leaves, flowers and fruits Flavonoids -leaves, flowers and fruits Amines -roots, stems, and leaves Glycosides -roots and leaves Oxalates, -roots, stems, and leaves Resins -stems and woods Toxalbumins -roots and seeds Compounds with unknown chemical structures -roots, stems, and leaves Contributions for phytoremediation: -Growth and development of other plants (3) -improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity stress (3) -enhances plant resistance against biotic stresses(3) -facilitate water availability in the rhizosphere by holding water molecules (45) -ensure water acquisition by plant roots (1) -alleviate the burden of environmental stresses on plant metabolism (3) -accelerates the antioxidative capacity of plants to defend against secondary stresses such as oxidative stress (58) -assists wastewater treatments and recycling(42) -chelation of heavy metals (42) -shape microbial community of rhizosphere(45) …”