Lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) as a prototype organic material for gas sensors: comparative electrical and spectroscopic studies to optimize O2 and NO2 sensing

Mockert, H.; Schmeisser, S.; Göpel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/0250-6874(89)87068-4

Cited by 86 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These will include purity and preparation conditions, substrate parameters, thermal treatment, and gaseous exposure history. The effect of some of these is evident by comparing the present results with those of Mockert et al [38] who deposited PbPc layers in UHV onto single-crystal S O , and A1,0, substrates. They generally obtained perfectly ohmic behaviour, but were unable to reproduce the switching effects which had been previously observed by Frauenheim et al [39] in similar studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Ohmic and Space-Charge-Limited Conduction in Lead Phthalocyanine Thin Films

Ahmad

Collins

1991

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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The electrical characteristics of thermally evaporated triclinic lead phthalocyanine thin films are studied. A number of parameters is evaluated on the basis of the theory of space-charge-limited conduction and the following values are obtained: permittivity E = 3.16 x lo-'' F m-'; hole mobility p x 6.05 x lo-'' m2 V-' s-';room temperature hole concentration p o z 1.60 x 10" m -3 ; concentration of traps per unit energy range at the valence band edge Po z 2.79 x J -' m^3; temperature parameter of trapping distribution IT; x 770 K; total trap concentration N, x 2.97 x The room temperature electrical conductivity o = 1.55 x lO-'OS m-'. C -U measurements confirm that the Au-PbPc interface does not form a Schottky barrier. At low temperatures the capacitance of Au-PbPc-Au devices is temperature insensitive, increasing rapidly above 300 K and saturating at about 400 K. Measurements of thermoelectric power confirm that semiconduction is p-type. Die elektrischen Eigenschaften von thermisch aufgedampften dunnen triklinen Blei-Phtalozyaninschichten werden untersucht. Eine Anzahl von Parametern wird auf der Grundlage der Theorie des raumladungsgegrenzten Stromes berechnet und folgende Werte erhalten: Dielektrizitatskonstante E = 3,16 x lo-" F m -I ; Locherbeweglichkeit p z 6,05 x lo-'' m 2 V-'s-'; Raumtemperaturlocherkonzentration p o z 1,60 x 10" m-3; Konzentration der Haftstellen pro Energieeinheit an der Valenzbandkante Po z 2,79 x J-' m -3 ; Temperaturparameter der Haftstellenverteilung ?; = 770 K; Gesarnthaftstellenkonzentration N, z 2,97 x loz3 ~t -~. Die elektrische Leitfahigkeit bei Zimmertemperatur betragt u = 1,55 x 10l o S m -I . C-U-Messungen bestatigen, dal3 die Au-PbPc-Grenzflache keine Schottky-Barnere bildet. Bei tiefen Temperaturen ist die Kapazitat von Au-PbPc-Au-Bauelementen temperaturunabhangig, steigt oberhalb 300 K schnell an und sattigt bei etwa 400 K. Messungen der Thermospannung bestatigen den p-Halbleitungstyp.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Ohmic and Space-Charge-Limited Conduction in Lead Phthalocyanine Thin Films

Ahmad

Collins

1991

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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“…There have been increasing needs for inexpensive compact NOx sensors. Various types of NOx sensors have been developed, e.g., resistive type sensors using oxide semiconductors [1][2][3][4][5] or metal phthalocyanines [6][7][8], potentiometric and amperometric sensors using solid electrolytes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and capacitor-type sensors using oxides [19]. However, all of these sensors can not be applied to in-situ monitoring of NOx in high temperature combustion exhausts from automobiles for two reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature NO or NO2 sensor using stabilized zirconia and tungsten oxide electrode

Miura

Yamazoe

1998

Ionics

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Abstract. Stabilized zirconia-based electrochemical devices for which the sensing electrode was provided with a single-metal oxide were tested for NO and NO2 sensing properties at high temperature. Among the many single-metal oxides examined, WO3 was found to give the best sensing properties to NO and NO2 at 500-700 ~ The EMF response of the WO3-attached device was linear to the logarithm of NO or NO 2 concentration. The response and recovery kinetics were speedy. The device gave very small cross-sensitivities to H2, CO, CH 4, CO 2 and water vapor. The sensing mechanism involving mixed-potential was confwmed from the measurements of polarization curves.

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“…9 It is known from the literature that phthalocyanines are semiconductors of type p, 13,14 and consequently they are characterized by an acceptor type of electric conductivity. Adsorption of electron-acceptor gases induces in phthalocyanine a generation of charges at shallow acceptor levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecules of phthalocyanines are capable of creating coordinate bond-together molecules of electron-acceptor gases. 13,14 Coordinate bond is of the intermediate type between bonds occurring in physical and chemical adsorption. Coordinate bond means that electron doublet comes from one reagent (NO 2 ), while the second reagent ͑PbPc͒ delivers only an electron gap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of thin films of phthalocyanines in plasmon system for application in <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><msub><mi>NO</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></inline-formula> sensors

et al. 2003

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Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy is an optical technique that is capable of monitoring chemical and physical processes. It is sensitive to small changes of dielectric properties near a metal surface, and has been used to characterize a number of different types of films. This work analyzes the possibility of using the surface plasmon resonance phenomena for gas detection. We present examinations of thin films of phthalocyanines in plasmon systems from the point of view of their application in NO 2 sensors.

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Lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) as a prototype organic material for gas sensors: comparative electrical and spectroscopic studies to optimize O2 and NO2 sensing

Cited by 86 publications

References 14 publications

Ohmic and Space-Charge-Limited Conduction in Lead Phthalocyanine Thin Films

Ohmic and Space-Charge-Limited Conduction in Lead Phthalocyanine Thin Films

High-temperature NO or NO2 sensor using stabilized zirconia and tungsten oxide electrode

Examination of thin films of phthalocyanines in plasmon system for application in <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><msub><mi>NO</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></inline-formula> sensors

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