Lead Removal from Soils via Bench-Scale Soil Washing Techniques

Cline, S.R.; Reed, Brian E.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1995)121:10(700)

Cited by 71 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The organic component of the soil constituents has a high affinity for heavy metals because of the presence of ligands or carboxyl, phenolic, alcoholic and carbonyl compounds which can form chelates with metals (Yong et al, 1992). Heavy metal retention has also been found to generally increase with increases in pH, CEC, clay content, and the metal oxide content of the soil (Cline and Reed, 1995). The soil's redox potential and salinity, and the iron and manganese oxides contained in it should also be taken into consideration (Tam and Wong, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals

Chen

Shen

2004

Applied Geochemistry

274

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2�Recent research has shown that phytoextraction approaches often require soil amendments, such as the application of EDTA, to increase the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils.However, EDTA and EDTA-heavy metal complexes can be toxic to plants and soil microorganisms and may leach into groundwater, causing further environmental pollution. In the present study, vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) was studied for its potential use in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. In the pot experiment, the uptake and transport of Pb by vetiver from Pb-contaminated soils under EDTA application were investigated. The results showed that vetiver had the capacity to tolerate high Pb concentrations in soils. With the application of EDTA, the translocation ratio of Pb from vetiver roots to shoots was significantly increased. On the 14 th day after 5.0 mmol EDTA kg This is the Pre-Published Version.2 from the artificially contaminated soil profile after 5.0 mmol EDTA kg -1 of soil application and nearly 126 mm of rainfall irrigation. In the long soil leaching experiment, soil columns (9.0-cm diameter, 60-cm height) were packed with uncontaminated soils (mimicking the subsoil under contaminated upper layers) and planted with vetiver. Heavy metals leachate from the short column experiment was applied to the surface of the long soil column, the artificial rainwater was percolated, and the final leachate was collected at the bottom of the soil columns. The results showed that soil matrix with planted vetiver, could re-adsorb 98%, 54%, 41%, and 88%of the initially applied Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, which may reduce the risk of heavy metals flowing downwards and entering the groundwater.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals

Chen

Shen

2004

Applied Geochemistry

274

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“…Heavy metal(loid)s solubility is generally greatest either at very high or very low pH (Evangelou 1998) and As extraction efficiency would also depend on the pH of the soil washing solution. Single-phase acidic solutions, utilizing HCl, HNO 3 , or H 2 SO 4 , have been widely used to increase the amount of As extracted in soil washing processes (Cline and Reed 1995;Benschoten et al 1997;Tokunaga and Hakuta 2002;Lee et al 2004b).…”

Section: Effect Of Ph and Volume On As Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil washing of As-contaminated stream sediments in the vicinity of an abandoned mine in Korea

Lee

Paik

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

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A soil washing process was applied to remediate arsenic (As)-contaminated stream sediments around an abandoned mine in Goro, Korea. Laboratory scale soil washing experiments for As-contaminated stream sediments were performed under various washing conditions in order to maximize As removal efficiency. Stream sediments were taken from two sites (S1 and S5) along the main stream connected to an abandoned mine. Stream sediments at the two sites were divided into two groups (>or=0.35 and <0.35 mm in diameter), giving four types of sediments, which were thereupon used for soil washing experiments. The results of soil washing experiments involving various pH conditions suggested that As removal efficiency is very high in both strongly acidic and basic solutions (pH 1 and 13), regardless of sediment type. Removal efficiencies for fine sediments from S1 and S5 were >95% after 1 h of washing with 0.2 M citric acid (C(6)H(8)O(7)). When using 0.2 M citric acid mixed with 0.1 M potassium phosphate (KH(2)PO(4)), the As removal efficiency increased to 100%. When recycled washing solution was applied, As removal efficiency was maintained at a level greater than 70%, even after eight recycling events. This suggests that the recycling of washing solution could be successfully applied as a means of decreasing the cost of the washing process. Results from the experiments suggest that soil washing is a potentially useful process for the remediation of As-contaminated stream sediments around abandoned mines.

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“…1,[7][8][9][10][11][12] One of the key issues addressed while developing the technology of decontamination of soils, sediments, and aquifer materials using a soil-washing reactor is related to the study of interactions of hydrophobic pollutants at the solid-water interface. 13,14 More likely than not, the physicochemical interactions, including sorption, desorption, and volatilization, are of utmost importance in deciding the ultimate fate process of the pollutant in an aquatic environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigators have worked to enhance the understanding of physicochemical interactions of hazardous pollutants at the aquatic interface of soil/ clay/sediment/aquifer, because it is long recognized that this understanding is focal to the success of soil-washing technology. For example, specific studies have been carried out for washing soils/sediments contaminated with organics 2,4,15 and inorganics 1,8,9,13,16 and also modeling the sorption and desorption phenomenon. 17 Many isolated research efforts on development and application of quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) for predicting the sorption and desorption equilibrium at the activated carbon/water interface or activated carbon/air interface [18][19][20][21][22] have been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Washing of Marine Coastal Sand in a Batch Reactor: Sorption and Desorption of BTEX

Rao

Swaminathan

Asolekar

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study addresses the issues related to decontamination of marine beach sand accidentally contaminated by petroleum products. Sorption and desorption of BTEX (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) onto the sand from Uran Beach, located near the city of Mumbai, India, were studied, and isotherms were determined using the bottle point method to estimate sorption coefficients. Alternatively, QSARs (i.e., quantitative structure activity relationships) were developed and used to estimate the sorption coefficients. Experiments for kinetics of volatilization as well as for kinetics of sorption and desorption in the presence of volatilization were conducted in a fabricated laboratory batch reactor. A mathematical model describing the fate of volatile hydrophobic organic pollutants like BTEX (via sorption and desorption in presence of volatilization) in a batch sediment-washing reactor was proposed. The experimental kinetic data were compared with the values predicted using the proposed models for sorption and desorption, and the optimum values of overall mass transfer coefficients for sorption (K s a s ) and desorption (K d a d ) were estimated. This was achieved by minimization of errors while using the sorption coefficients (K p ) obtained from either laboratory isotherm studies or the QSARs developed in the present study. Independent experimental data were also collected and used for calibration of the model for volatilization, and the values of the overall mass transfer coefficient for volatilization (K g a g ) were estimated for BTEX. In these exercises of minimization of errors, comparable cumulative errors were obtained from the use of K p values derived from experimental isotherms and QSARs.

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Lead Removal from Soils via Bench-Scale Soil Washing Techniques

Cited by 71 publications

References 7 publications

The use of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals

The use of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals

Soil washing of As-contaminated stream sediments in the vicinity of an abandoned mine in Korea

Washing of Marine Coastal Sand in a Batch Reactor: Sorption and Desorption of BTEX

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