Leadership as a Reflection of Who We Are: Social Identity, Media Portrayal, and Evaluations of Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

Lau, Vienne Wing-yan; Bligh, Michelle C.; Kohles, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1007/s11199-019-01070-8

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…As Trump focused on reaffirming the identity of the Republican party and promoting his representation of the group (Reicher & Haslam, 2017), we found that his Democratic followers continued to consider him as a nonprototypical leader and were less likely to trust his leadership in handling the pandemic. In alignment with research on intergroup as well as political leadership (Bligh et al, 2004a;Lau et al, 2020;Oberschall, 2000), results from Study 1 also confirm the role of the mass media in potentially furthering polarization and shaping partisans' differential perceptions of leadership and response to COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…To do so, Hogg and colleagues suggest that leaders can a) champion intergroup collaboration, b) highlight the intergroup relational identity consistently and publicly, and c) collaborate with other leaders within subgroups. Done successfully, not only should intergroup members have more favorable evaluations of the intergroup leader (Kershaw et al., 2021 ), but they should also be more likely to feel psychologically empowered (van der Stoep et al., 2020) and have more positive interactions with inter‐subgroup members (Kobayashi et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Social Identity Intergroup Leadership and Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We advance knowledge by exploring how social identity ties to followers' affect and crisis responses using a combination of methodological approaches. Our content analysis of media coverage adds to the existing body of literature by showcasing how social identity molds the way in which leadership is socially constructed and catalyzed by the mass media (Bligh et al, 2004a;Lau et al, 2020) during a crisis, and its role in creating division between followers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not “My” crisis: Social identity and followers’ crisis responses to COVID‐19

Lau

Tse

Bligh

et al. 2022

Anal Soc Iss & Public Policy

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Operationalizing social group identification as political partisanship, we examine followers’ (i.e., US residents’) affective experiences and behavioral responses during the initial COVID‐19 outbreak in the United States (March to May 2020). In Study 1, we conducted content analyses on major news outlets’ coverage of COVID‐19 ( N = 4319) to examine media polarization and how it plays a role in shaping followers’ perceptions of the pandemic and leadership. News outlets trusted by Republicans portrayed US President Donald Trump as more effective, conveyed a stronger sense of certainty with less negative affective tone, and had a lower emphasis on COVID‐19 prevention compared to outlets trusted by Democrats. We then conducted a field survey study (Study 2; N = 214) and found that Republicans perceived Trump as more effective, experienced higher positive affect, and engaged in less COVID‐19 preventive behavior compared to Democrats. Using a longitudinal survey design in Study 3 ( N = 251), we examined how emotional responses evolved in parallel with the pandemic and found further support for Study 2 findings. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the process of leadership from a social identity perspective during times of crisis, illustrating how social identity can inhibit mobilization of united efforts. The findings have implications for leadership of subgroup divides in different organizational and crisis contexts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Social Identity Intergroup Leadership and Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not “My” crisis: Social identity and followers’ crisis responses to COVID‐19

Lau

Tse

Bligh

et al. 2022

Anal Soc Iss & Public Policy

Self Cite

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“…Male leaders are considered more intelligent, authoritative, and decisive [43]. In fact, news sources are the most important factor in determining what information consumers receive [57]. Thus, news sources should be balanced, including reporting concerning female regional leaders so that there is no gender bias, which causes the gap between men and women to become stronger.…”

Section: Stereotypes and Marginalization Of Female Regional Leadersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing Indonesian Women Leaders During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Mass Media

Ningrum,

Aisyah

2022

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

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The reality of women in political leadership is constructed by the mass media, which is then conveyed to the public. Often, the media places women as sexual objects that focus on body shape. On the other hand, the media has the power to influence public opinion, which raises the question of how the media sees women in dealing with crises. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenge for leaders globally, including women leaders in Indonesia. For this reason, this study focuses on the framing of the handling of COVID-19 by female regional leaders in the Detik.com media in the period March 2, 2020 -September 30, 2021. This study seeks to find out how the framing of female regional leaders in handling COVID-19 in the Detik.com media. The aim is to see how Detik.com media frames women regional leaders in handling COVID-19. This study used a qualitative approach to reality construction and framing theory. Meanwhile, the method employed framing with the analytical model of Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki. The research analysis technique utilized four basic structures: syntax, script, thematic, and rhetorical. For validity, triangulation of data sources was used by comparing the findings from Detik.com with other sources, such as books, journals, the internet, and others. The study results revealed that the framing of female regional leaders by Detik.com contained gender stereotypes and marginalization. In addition, this study also found that women's feminine traits were useful in handling COVID-19. The significance of the research is to show the reality of the media as a result of selection, construction, and reconstruction so that the public must be more critical in receiving information.

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“…In their study, Seppälä, Lipponen, Bardi, and Pirttilä-Backman (2012) stated that a prototypical leader would be more trusted even though they do not flaunt fairness behavior compared to non-prototypical leaders. In the leadership process, the prototypical leader will also be used as a role model in the process of social relationship construction (Lau, Bligh, & Kohles, 2019). On grounds in a process that involves a relational relationship, the prototypical leader will become a trusted source of information including when subordinates experience uncertainty regarding "who we are?"…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leader Endorsement: The Role of Leader Prototypicality, Leader Effectiveness and Employee’s Organizational Identification

2020

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Leadership occurs when the individuals claimed capable of leading, received endorsements from their subordinates. Without endorsements (i.e., subordinates’ willingness to support and be directed by the leader), no leader will be able to direct and influence their subordinates. Using the Social Identity Theory of leadership, this research aimed to investigate the factors influencing leader endorsement. Through an online survey with good internal consistency (i.e., coefficient reliability ranging from .7 to .9), this study was able to collect data from 186 private employees across Indonesia. The moderated multiple regression analysis showed 1) subordinates tend to endorse prototypical leaders; 2) organizational identification is positively related to leader endorsement; and 3) leader effectiveness weakens the positive relationship between leader prototypicality and leader endorsement. This study contributes to the social identity theory of leadership by demonstrating that low prototypical leaders may still get endorsed, as long as they are showing effective behavior. This new finding sheds light on what kind of leadership behaviors may win the endorsement from their subordinates.

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Leadership as a Reflection of Who We Are: Social Identity, Media Portrayal, and Evaluations of Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

Cited by 7 publications

References 79 publications

Not “My” crisis: Social identity and followers’ crisis responses to COVID‐19

Not “My” crisis: Social identity and followers’ crisis responses to COVID‐19

Framing Indonesian Women Leaders During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Mass Media

Leader Endorsement: The Role of Leader Prototypicality, Leader Effectiveness and Employee’s Organizational Identification

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