“…The competencies encompassed in this list are leadership, communication, customer service, work habits, ethics, team building, dispute resolution, and goalsetting skills(Antonopoulou et al, 2020;Antonopoulou, 2023;Bharwani & Talib, 2017). Moreover, there is a suggestion to incorporate a more comprehensive array of leadership skill development into hospitality courses to enhance the acquisition of transformational leadership skills and competencies among undergraduate students(Antonopoulou et al, 2021a;Sisson & Roberts, 2022). Aside from leadership competencies, the future of the hospitality industry encounters obstacles that require attention(Antonopoulou et al, 2021b).…”