Leaf adaptations and species boundaries in North American<i>Cercis</i>: implications for the evolution of dry floras

Fritsch, Peter W.; Nowell, Camille F.; Leatherman, Lila; Gong, Wei; Cruz, Boni C.; Bürge, Dylan O.; Delgado‐Salinas, Alfonso

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1155

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Cercis , the only temperate genus in the subfamily, is supported as sister to the other Cercidoideae genera in several studies (Bruneau & al., , ; LPWG, ) and here, as found in several recent molecular phylogenetic analyses, the genus is supported as monophyletic (Davis & al., ; Coskun & Parks, ,b; see also Fritsch & Cruz, ; Wang & al., ; Fritsch & al., ). Flowers of Cercis are highly zygomorphic (papilionoid‐like), a unique feature in Cercidoideae (Tucker, ) suggested to be an adaptation to insect pollination (Wunderlin & al., ) (Table ; Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Testing generic limits in Cercidoideae (Leguminosae): Insights from plastid and duplicated nuclear gene sequences

Sinou

Cardinal‐McTeague

Bruneau

2020

TAXON

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Reconstructing the phylogenetic history of species in large taxonomic groups remains a challenge despite ever increasing access to molecular data. In subfamily Cercidoideae (Leguminosae), the large pantropical Bauhinia s.l. (~380 spp.) is never supported as monophyletic, but the generic boundaries and the number of genera that should be recognised remains a challenging taxonomic and phylogenetic question. Here we reconstruct the phylogeny of Bauhinia s.l. and related genera in the subfamily using sequences obtained from five loci (matK, trnL-F, Leafy, and two previously undetected duplicate copies of Legcyc), which we analyse individually and in a concatenated matrix (excluding Leafy). The individual and concatenated analyses generally support two distinct lineages in Bauhinia s.l.: (1) the Bauhinia clade, containing Bauhinia s.str., Brenierea, and Piliostigma; and (2) the Phanera clade, containing Barklya, Cheniella, Gigasiphon, Lasiobema, Lysiphyllum, Phanera s.str., Schnella, and Tylosema. Based on our analyses, we recognise 14 genera in Cercidoideae. We resurrect the genus Tournaya from Gigasiphon, and synonymise the Asian segregate genus Lasiobema back into Phanera s.str. Our analyses reveal a clear gene duplication event in CYCLOIDEA that is shared by all Cercidoideae excluding the sister lineage to the subfamily, Cercis, supporting recent hypotheses for a whole genome duplication in all Cercidoideae except this genus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(), Fritsch & al. () and Plants of the World Online ( http://powo.science.kew.org/ consulted Feb 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing generic limits in Cercidoideae (Leguminosae): Insights from plastid and duplicated nuclear gene sequences

Sinou

Cardinal‐McTeague

Bruneau

2020

TAXON

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“…Both increases and decreases in water-deficit-induced leaf thickness have been reported in related species B. ermanii (Kitao et al, 2003;Tabata et al, 2010) and B. pendula (Possen et al, 2011;Aspelmeier & Leuschner, 2006). Genotypes of Cercis canadensis adapted to drier regions have thicker leaves than those adapted to wetter regions (Donselman & Flint, 1982;Abrams, 1988;Tipton & White, 1995;Fritsch et al, 2018), but there are no reports of temporal water-deficit events on leaf thickness in redbud. In the present study, redbud leaves were thinner in response to the 60% MWC and were unchanged in response to the 40% MWC treatment, and the same pattern existed in maple.…”

Section: Effects Of Water Stress On Tree Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent strategies to reduce stomatal pore index during water deficit in perennial angiosperms

Mano¹,

Lopez²,

Mickelbart³

2020

Preprint

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Summary⍰ Modulation of stomatal development may be an acclimation response to low water availability. However, stomatal development plasticity has been assessed in very few species.⍰ We quantified leaf anatomy traits, including stomatal index (SI), density (SD), size (SS), and pore index (SPI), in response to water-deficit stress in river birch (Betula nigra L.), eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.), and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.).⍰ Birch and redbud, but not maple, had reduced SPI in response to water deficit. The mechanism by which SPI reduction occurred (via SD or SS) varied among species and with severity of water stress. Despite reduced SPI in birch and redbud, anatomical changes were relatively small and had a minor to no effect on the theoretical maximum stomatal conductance. Furthermore, gas-exchange rates were equivalent to well-watered plants following media re-irrigation.⍰ In some tree species, stomatal development is downregulated in response to water deficit conditions. Stomatal development plasticity is facilitated by smaller or fewer stomata, depending upon the species and the intensity of the stress. Water-deficit-induced plasticity in stomatal development is species-specific, likely due to species adaptation to ecological niches.

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“…In addition to high genetic variability, C. canadensis populations also display a wide range of morphological variation across diverse environmental conditions 20 , 26 , 77 – 79 . For example, Cercis leaf shape, size, surface pubescence, and other structural features were found to be strongly related to environmental factors, such as temperature and moisture content 79 – 81 . In Cercis spp., these characteristics likely originated through local adaptation to varying climatic pressure 26 , 82 , 83 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ancestors of North American Cercis species are thought to have originated under mesic conditions and may have dispersed into North America across the North Atlantic Land Bridge 81 , 84 , 109 . According to several studies, ancestral Cercis population adapted to the drier environment and then spread into the Northern hemisphere during the mid-Miocene period 84 , 87 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in North American Cercis Canadensis reveals an ancient population bottleneck that originated after the last glacial maximum

Ony

Klingeman

Zobel

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Understanding of the present-day genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary history of tree species can inform resource management and conservation activities, including response to pressures presented by a changing climate. Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud) is an economically valuable understory tree species native to the United States (U.S.) that is also important for forest ecosystem and wildlife health. Here, we document and explain the population genetics and evolutionary history of this deciduous tree species across its distributed range. In this study, we used twelve microsatellite markers to investigate 691 wild-type trees sampled at 74 collection sites from 23 Eastern U.S. states. High genetic diversity and limited gene flow were revealed in wild, natural stands of C. canadensis with populations that are explained by two major genetic clusters. These findings indicate that an ancient population bottleneck occurred coinciding with the last glacial maximum (LGM) in North America. The structure in current populations likely originated from an ancient population in the eastern U.S. that survived LGM and then later diverged into two contemporary clusters. Data suggests that populations have expanded since the last glaciation event from one into several post-glacial refugia that now occupy this species’ current geographic range. Our enhanced understanding benchmarks the genetic variation preserved within this species and can direct future efforts in conservation, and resource utilization of adaptively resilient populations that present the greatest genetic and structural diversity.

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Leaf adaptations and species boundaries in North AmericanCercis: implications for the evolution of dry floras

Cited by 12 publications

References 78 publications

Testing generic limits in Cercidoideae (Leguminosae): Insights from plastid and duplicated nuclear gene sequences

Testing generic limits in Cercidoideae (Leguminosae): Insights from plastid and duplicated nuclear gene sequences

Divergent strategies to reduce stomatal pore index during water deficit in perennial angiosperms

Genetic diversity in North American Cercis Canadensis reveals an ancient population bottleneck that originated after the last glacial maximum

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