Leaf age preference for opposition by three species of whitefly on lemon

Walker, G. P.; Zareh, N.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1990.tb01379.x

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Oviposition preference for leaves of different age has been described for three whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) species in both laboratory and field tests (Walker & Zareh, 1990). The authors found that Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) preferred very young lemon leaves for oviposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The authors found that Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) preferred very young lemon leaves for oviposition. Previously it had been shown that this species only colonizes young leaves because the mature lemon leaf cuticle prevents colonization of mature leaves (for references see Walker & Zareh, 1990). Two other whitefly species, Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) and Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), however, do colonize older leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oviposition preference of western flower thrips for cucumber leaves from different positions along the plant stem

Kogel

Hoek

Mollema

1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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While the distribution of herbivorous insects over leaves along the stem often shows a peak at some distance from the apex this does not necessarily reflect an innate preference as alternative explanations can be provided such as impact of predators and inter‐ or intraspecific competitors. It is of interest to determine which factors shape the distribution of insects over the leaves of a plant. Do leaves from different positions differ in suitability for insects and is that reflected in the insect's preference, or are other factors involved? In this paper we assess how the herbivorous insect western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), chooses among leaves from different positions relative to the apex of cucumber, Cucumis sativus (L.) plants. On leaf discs of a susceptible and three partially resistant cucumber accessions, thrips reproduction was highest on apical leaves and lowest on basal leaves. In dual‐choice essays thrips females preferred younger leaves over older leaves for oviposition in all cucumber accessions tested, as was predicted from the no‐choice assay. This indicates that differences in leaf suitability are an important factor in determining thrips distribution on cucumber plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition preference of western flower thrips for cucumber leaves from different positions along the plant stem

Kogel

Hoek

Mollema

1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…The preference of whitefly adults to oviposit on the newly unfolded leaves (Noldus et al, 1985;Walker & Zareh, 1990;Sütterlin et al, 1991), results in high larval (L3, L4) densities on medium aged, fully expanded leaves. The preference of whitefly adults to oviposit on the newly unfolded leaves (Noldus et al, 1985;Walker & Zareh, 1990;Sütterlin et al, 1991), results in high larval (L3, L4) densities on medium aged, fully expanded leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐ and post‐landing response of the parasitoid Encarsia formosa to whitefly hosts on Gerbera jamesonii

Sütterlin

Lenteren

2000

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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One of the factors that may complicate biological control of the greenhouse whitefly on Gerbera jamesonii by Encarsia formosa is the rosette shape of this ornamental, which differs from the vertical shape of most vegetable plants (cucumber, egg plant, tomato, etc.). Therefore, host-habitat location and the behaviour prior to landing on uninfested and infested leaves was studied. Attraction of E. formosa from a short distance by infested leaves could not be detected: the parasitoid females landed at random on uninfested and infested leaves. After the first landing, a redistribution of the wasps occurred on the leaves. After 24 h three times as many wasps were found on the infested leaves than on uninfested ones. In a dispersal experiment with four plants, E. formosa appeared to have no preference for landing on leaves of the medium age class, which is the age class on which most of the whiteflies in a suitable stage for parasitism occur. Twenty percent of the parasitoids were found on the plants 20 min after releasing them. These results were independent of the plant cultivar and the host density on the plants. In the course of 8 h, the number of E. formosa females recovered from plants increased linearly, and this increase was greater on plants where hosts were present and also greater on the plant cultivar with the lowest trichome density. After 24 h, the percentage of females was highest (56%) on plants with the highest host density. E. formosa females were arrested on leaves where hosts were present. Contrary to our expectation, the results from the two G. jamesonii cultivars that differed strongly in leaf hairiness were not significantly different in most experiments. Only at the high host density was parasitism found to be lower on the cultivar with the higher hair density. Parasitoids may walk on top of the 'hair coverlet' of cultivars with high trichome density and, therefore, be hampered less than expected.

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“…However, the actual number of generations that will develop in a year will be limited by the availability of young flush foliage throughout the year. The affinity of P. myricae for young foliage is not just a preference but is an absolute requirement for survival (WALKER and AITKEN 1985;WALKER and ZAREH 1990).…”

Section: Coefficients Of Variation and Deviations Between Predicted Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental time of Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Horn., Aleyrodidae) in different seasons and a degree‐day model

Walker

Aitken

1993

J Applied Entomology

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Developmental time of the whitefly Parabemisia myricae was measured outdoors in full sunlight on potted lemon trees. Cohorts of whiteflies that were oviposited on 14 Dec 1982, 27 Jan 1983, 8 Apr 1983, 15 Jul 1983, and 9 Sep 1983 took 105, 88, 52, 40, and 32 days, respectively, for 50 % of the adult whiteflies to emerge. Another cohort of whiteflies also oviposited on 9 Sep 1983 and reared on plants in a shaded location within several meters of the concurrent cohort reared on plants in full sunlight developed 5 days faster (total 27 days) than their full‐sunlight counterparts. Egg to 50 % adult emergence data for whiteflies reared in full sunlight and previously published data were best fit by a degree day model using a 12.8 °C lower developmental threshold, a 30.6 °C upper threshold (vertical cutoff) and a thermal constant of 265 degree‐days. Developmental times of whiteflies in full sunlight predicted by the model were within 14 % of observed developmental times. However, the whiteflies reared in shade developed 26 % faster than the model predicted. The model needs to be verified in commercially grown citrus. Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklungszeit von Parabemisia myricae (Kuw.) (Horn., Aleyrodidae) in unterschiedlichen Jahreszeiten und die Erstellung eines Tagesgrad‐Modells Es wurden die Entwicklungszeiten von Parabemisia myricae auf eingetopften Zitronenbäumen im Freiland unter voller Besonnung ermittelt. Kohorten von Eiern der Weißen Fliege, abgelegt am 14. Dez. 1982, 27. Jan. 1983, 8. April 1983, 15. Juli 1983 und 9. Sept. 1983, benötigten 105, 88, 52, 40, und 32 Tage, bis 50% Adulte geschlüpft waren. Eine weitere Kohorte Eier vom 9. Sept. 1983, auf Pflanzen im Schatten, einige Meter entfernt von den besonnten abgelegt, entwickelte sich 5 Tage schneller (total 27 Tage) als die der Sonne ausgesetzten Tiere. Ein Tagesgrad‐Modell mit 12.8 °C Entwicklungsnullpunkt, 30.6 °C obere Schwelle (vertikaler Abbruch) und 265 Tasgesgrade Temperatursumme beschrieb die Zeiten vom Ei bis 50 % Adultenschlupf der besonnten Tiere dieses Versuches sowie vorherig publizierte Daten am besten. Die vom Modell vorausgesagten Entwicklungszeiten lagen innerhalb von ± 14% der beobachteten Werte der besonnten Tiere. Im Schatten entwickelten sich die Tiere jedoch 26 % schneller als vorausgesagt. Das Modell muß in kommerziellen Zitrusplantagen verifiziert werden.

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Leaf age preference for opposition by three species of whitefly on lemon

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Oviposition preference of western flower thrips for cucumber leaves from different positions along the plant stem

Oviposition preference of western flower thrips for cucumber leaves from different positions along the plant stem

Pre‐ and post‐landing response of the parasitoid Encarsia formosa to whitefly hosts on Gerbera jamesonii

Developmental time of Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Horn., Aleyrodidae) in different seasons and a degree‐day model

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