Leaf Developmental Age Controls Expression of Genes Encoding Enzymes of Chlorophyll and Heme Biosynthesis in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

He, Zheng Hui; Li, Jianming; Sundqvist, Christer; Timko, Michael P.

doi:10.1104/pp.106.2.537

Cited by 77 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…After that, newly emerging leaves looked like the wild type again while those initially affected never recovered. Whether this was because of the developmental control of chl-synthesizing enzymes (Ha È rtel et al, 1997;He et al, 1994) or because of stable silencing is currently unknown. Leaves that were mature prior to induction always remained green.…”

Section: Construction Of Silencing Vectors and Plant Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial control of gene silencing in transgenic plants by inducible expression of double‐stranded RNA

et al. 2003

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SummaryDownregulation of endogenous genes via post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a key to the characterization of gene function in plants. The recent discovery that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an extremely effective trigger of gene silencing greatly enhanced the predictability of this approach. However, strong constitutive silencing often leads to pleiotropic effects, which make it dif®cult to directly relate phenotype to gene function, or even interferes with the recovery of viable transgenic plants. Here, we show that strong genetic interference can be achieved in a chemically inducible fashion, allowing for temporal and spatial control of gene silencing in transgenic plants. To this end, transgenic tobacco plants were established expressing dsRNA in the form of intron-spliced hairpin structures under the control of the ethanol-inducible alc gene expression system. Targeting magnesium (Mg)-chelatase subunit I (Chl I ) and glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA ), both involved in chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis, resulted in rapid and speci®c mRNA degradation upon induction with ethanol. Ethanol-inducible silencing of the target genes caused strong but transient phenotypical alterations featured by a progressive loss of chl in young leaves, which persisted for about 7±9 days before newly growing leaves completely recovered. About 10±30% of the primary transformants showed phenotype development upon induction. Local silencing of Chl I could be achieved by con®ned ethanol treatment of a single leaf without affecting any other part of the plant. Inducible gene silencing using the alc system promises to obviate the problems associated with constitutive RNA silencing and enables to dissect primary and secondary effects of PTGS at temporal and spatial resolution.

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Section: Construction Of Silencing Vectors and Plant Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial control of gene silencing in transgenic plants by inducible expression of double‐stranded RNA

et al. 2003

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“…Later, light-induced changes in NPR mRNA level were also observed using etiolated seedlings of maize, mustard, bean, tomato, sunflower (Forreiter et al, 1990), Arabidopsis (Benli et al, 1991), and pea (Spano et al, 1992;He et al, 1994). Among these plants, light-induced decrease in NPR mRNA level was most striking in barley, but the mRNA decreased slightly by 24 h of illumination in Arabidopsis (Benli et al, 1991).…”

Section: Changes In Levels Of Mrna Encoding Npr During Greening Of Etmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The extent of light-induced decrease in the mRNA level in maize, mustard, bean, tomato, and sunflower is between that in barley and pea (16-h WL irradiation, Forreiter et al, 1990). He et al (1994) found that not only the dark level but also the light-induced changes on the level of NPR mRNA differ depending on the developmental stage of pea plants. Light has no effect or a slightly negative effect on the abundance of the mRNA in 6-to 8-d-old etiolated pea seedlings (Spano et al, 1992;He et al, 1994).…”

Section: Changes In Levels Of Mrna Encoding Npr During Greening Of Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He et al (1994) found that not only the dark level but also the light-induced changes on the level of NPR mRNA differ depending on the developmental stage of pea plants. Light has no effect or a slightly negative effect on the abundance of the mRNA in 6-to 8-d-old etiolated pea seedlings (Spano et al, 1992;He et al, 1994). In this study, when 5-d-old etiolated cucumber seedlings were exposed to light, the steady-state level of NPR mRNA increased rapidly to reach a maximum level of about 3-fold higher than the initial dark level (Fig.…”

Section: Changes In Levels Of Mrna Encoding Npr During Greening Of Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, no information is available concerning how the light-regulated NPR activity is related to the regulation of Chl accumulation during greening of etiolated tissues. Although a light-induced decrease in the activity and protein of NPR appears to be common to angiosperms, the effect of light on the level of NPR mRNA varies depending on the plant species and developmental stages: from complete loss, as seen in 6-d-old barley (Batschauer and Apel, 1984), to no change, as seen in 6-d-old pea seedlings (He et al, 1994;Spano et al, 1992). The correlation between changes in NPR mRNA and those in the activity and amount of NPR also remains to be elucidated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Correlated Changes in the Activity, Amount of Protein, and Abundance of Transcript of NADPH:Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase and Chlorophyll Accumulation during Greening of Cucumber Cotyledons

et al. 1995

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Changes in the activity and abundance of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (NPR) and the abundance of mRNA encoding it were examined during the greening of 5-d-old etiolated cucumber cotyledons under continuous illumination. To measure NPR activity in the extracts from fully greened tissues, we have developed an improved method of assay. Upon exposure of etiolated cotyledons to light, NPR activity decreased rapidly within the first 2 h of exposure. Thereafter, enzymatic activity increased transiently, reaching a submaximum level at 12 h, and decreased slowly. The level of immunodetectable NPR protein followed the same pattern of changes during 96 h of greening as observed for NPR activity. The NPR mRNA in etiolated cotyledons disappeared quickly in the 1st h of irradiation. However, the level of mRNA increased thereafter to reach 3-fold or more of the dark level at 12 h and then decreased. The changes in the activity, protein level, and mRNA level after the first rapid decreases corresponded chronologically and nearly paralleled the increase in the rate of chlorophyll accumulation. These findings suggest that the greening of cucumber cotyledons is regulated basically by the level of NPR protein without activation or repression of enzymatic activity and that NPR mRNA increased by light maintains the level of enzyme protein necessary for greening.

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Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Leaf Developmental Age Controls Expression of Genes Encoding Enzymes of Chlorophyll and Heme Biosynthesis in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Cited by 77 publications

References 39 publications

Temporal and spatial control of gene silencing in transgenic plants by inducible expression of double‐stranded RNA

Temporal and spatial control of gene silencing in transgenic plants by inducible expression of double‐stranded RNA

Correlated Changes in the Activity, Amount of Protein, and Abundance of Transcript of NADPH:Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase and Chlorophyll Accumulation during Greening of Cucumber Cotyledons

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