LEAF MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS OF Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. DON EX STEUD., MORACEAE

Abstract

RESUMO:Maclura tinctoria é uma árvore nativa com espinhos, dioica e latescente. Popularmente denominada amora-brava e taiúva, é empregada como adstringente, anti-inamatória e analgésica. Estudos toquímicos e ensaios de atividades biológicas comprovaram a presença de compostos fenólicos, particularmente avonoides, com ações antimicrobiana, antimalárica e anti-HIV. Em razão do escasso conhecimento sobre a morfologia dessa planta medicinal, este trabalho investigou a anatomia foliar de M. tinctoria, buscando subsidiar a identicação microscópica. Folhas plenamente desenvolvidas foram xadas, seccionadas à mão livre e coradas com azul de astra e fucsina básica. Alternativamente, foram emblocadas em resina sintética, seccionadas em micrótomo e coradas com azul de toluidina. Testes microquímicos foram realizados para evidenciar a presença de compostos fenólicos e lipofílicos, bem como para caracterizar a natureza dos cristais de cálcio. A superfície foliar foi examinada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A folha apresenta tricomas tectores e glandulares capitados, principalmente na face abaxial e nas proximidades das nervuras. Ocorrem estômatos anomocíticos exclusivamente na superfície abaxial. A epiderme é unisseriada e possui litocistos, células que contêm cistólitos (cristais de carbonato de cálcio). Há mesolo homogêneo em paliçada, feixes vasculares colaterais transcurrentes, cristais prismáticos e drusas de oxalato de cálcio. Em secção transversal, a nervura central é biconvexa e o pecíolo é aproximadamente circular. Ambos possuem vários feixes vasculares, do tipo colateral, lado a lado e tendendo ao arranjo cêntrico. Nas proximidades, encontram-se laticíferos, cujo conteúdo é fenólico e lipofílico. Palavras-chave: Amora-brava, anatomia vegetal, farmacobotânica, planta medicinal, taiúva ABSTRACT:Maclura tinctoria is a native dioecious tree, presenting thorns and laticifers. Commonly called old fustic or dyer's mulberry, it is used as adstringent, anti-inammatory and analgesics in folk medicine. Phytochemical studies and assays of biological activities have demonstrated the presence of phenolic substances, particularly avonoids, exhibiting antimicrobial, antimalarial and anti-HIV activities. Due to the little knowledge on the morphology of this medicinal plant, this work has investigated the leaf anatomy of M. tinctoria, in order to supply data for microscopic identication. Fully-developed leaves were xed, sectioned by freehand and stained with astra blue and basic fuchsine. Alternatively, they were embedded in synthetic resin, sectioned with a microtome and stained with toluidine blue. Microchemical tests were made to detect phenolic and lipophilic substances, as well as to characterize the chemical nature of

Trichomes that secrete substances of a mixed nature in the vegetative and reproductive organs of some species of Moraceae

“…However, for Dorstenia cayapia, this is the first report of secretory trichomes, while for the genus Dorstenia there are only anatomical descriptions of secretory trichomes for the leaves of D. contrajerva and D. indica (Gangadhara & Inamdar 1977;Tobe & Takaso 1996) and for the axis of inflorescence of D. arifolia and D. bonijesu (Araújo 2008). It is interesting to note the presence of secretory trichomes only in the aerial vegetative organs of Maclura tinctoria (present study, Duarte et al 2012).…”

“…Although various reports of secretory trichomes are available for Moraceae (Shah & Kachroo 1975;Gangadhara & Inamdar 1977;Wu & Kuo-Huang 1997;Jacomassi & Machado 2003;Jacomassi et al 2007;Munir et al 2011;Duarte et al 2012), these studies were limited to leaf trichomes and dealt only with morphological aspects, with rare reports about the nature of the content of these trichomes in their representative species. Thus, the present study contributes to the knowledge of the distribution, morphology and chemical nature of the exudate of secretory trichomes of Moraceae, especially the floral ones.…”

“…(Artocarpeae), Broussonetia sp., Dorstenia sp., Fatoua sp., Brosimum gaudichaudii (Dorstenieae), Ficus sp. (Ficeae), Maclura tinctoria (Maclureae), Morus sp., Sorocea bonplandii and Streblus asper (Moreae) (Shah & Kachroo 1975;Gangadhara & Inamdar 1977;Tobe & Takaso 1996;Wu & Kuo-Huang 1997;Jacomassi & Machado 2003;Jacomassi et al 2007;Munir et al 2011;Duarte et al 2012). In the organs involved in reproduction, secretory trichomes have been detected in the bracts and peduncle of the inflorescence of Brosimum gaudichaudii (Jacomassi et al 2010), along the syconium of Ficus species (Machado et al 2013;Souza et al 2015) and in the sepals and hypantium (flower and fruit) of Sorocea bonplandii (Souza & Rosa 2005).…”

Maclura tinctoria Extracts: In Vitro Antibacterial Activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Sedative Effect in Rhamdia quelen

“…ex B. D. Jackson [22] is a tree species native from Brazil and rich in phenolic compounds [23][24][25]. Extracts obtained from this plant species present wound healing, anti-inflammatory [26], astringent, analgesic [27], chemopreventive [28], antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects [29]. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify the in vitro antimicrobial potential of extracts obtained from leaves (LE), bark (BE), sapwood (SE) and heartwood (HE) of M. tinctoria.…”