Leaf‐Mimicking Superstructured Porous Membrane with Multiple Bioactive Pro‐Healing Functions for Effective Guided Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Barrier membrane, a key material for guided bone regeneration surgery, is applied between soft and hard tissue interfaces in complex oral environment. The abilities to integrate contradictory requirements and self‐regulate the local microenvironment are highly desirable for barrier membrane but remain challenging to achieve. Herein, inspired by the leaf's hierarchical multifunctional synergy, a kind of superstructured porous membrane (SPM), integrating asymmetric surface pores, interconnected macropores and functional micropores, is developed based on the combination of breath figure and phase separation. For the SPM, the densely porous layer can inhibit penetration of soft tissue cells and maintain osteogenic space, and the loosely porous layer with interconnected microporous channels can effectively promote the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, help to transport nutrients, and expose functional components. Meanwhile, porous carbon nanospheres introduced into SPM as multifunctional core components can ameliorate the undesirable microenvironment by scavenging reactive oxygen species, repairing bioelectrical environment, and killing bacteria, thus achieving multiple bioactive pro‐healing functions for efficient bone regeneration in vivo. These findings can open an appealing avenue for developing high‐performance barrier membranes as well as many other implant materials.