Leaf Nutrient Levels for Pecans

Pond, Andrew; Walworth, James; Kilby, Michael W.; Gibson, Richard; Call, Robert E.; Núñez, Humberto

doi:10.21273/hortsci.41.5.1339

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In Georgia, high-yielding pecans (greater than 58 kg nuts per tree) had an average of 126 mgÁg -1 Zn in leaves (Beverly and Worley, 1992), in Mexico 65 mgÁg -1 (Medina, 2004), and in the southwest United States 174 mgÁg -1 (Pond et al, 2006). Zinc critical levels have been established for pecans ranging from 20 to 60 mgÁg -1 , and several authors have noticed no difference in tree growth development within this range (Lane et al, 1965;Obarr et al, 1978;Sparks, 1976;Storey et al, 1971;Worley et al, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manure and Soil Zinc Application to ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees Growing Under Alkaline Conditions

Núñez-Moreno

Walworth²,

Pond

2009

horts

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The effect of cattle manure or combined manure and zinc (Zn) application on Zn uptake, mineral composition, and yield and nut quality in pecan trees [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] was evaluated. In 2006, treatments evaluated were: manure (12 ton/ha; M), manure plus Zn (12 ton/ha plus 129 kg Zn/ha as ZnSO4; MZ), and an untreated control. During 2007, two more treatments were added with doubled manure and Zn rates. New treatments were manure 2× (24 ton/ha; M2) and manure 2× plus Zn 2× (24 ton/ha plus 258 kg Zn as ZnSO4; M2Z2). Manure was broadcast on the soil in a 2.5-m wide band 2 m from the trunk. Zinc sulfate was broadcast over the manure, and then manure and Zn were disked into the top 10 cm of soil. In 2008, in five of nine sampling dates, significant treatment effects were detected on leaf Zn concentrations. On all of the dates, M2Z2 had the highest foliar Zn levels. During the Summer 2008 (17 July) foliar Zn in M2Z2, treatment reached 66 μg·g−1; the control treatment level was 45 μg·g−1. Nut yields were higher in treatments receiving manure, with or without Zn in the first year, and highest in the untreated control the second year. No differences were observed in trunk growth, leaf area, leaf weight, or nut growth. Kernel percentages were over 61.4 in the 3 years of study in all treatments. Largest differences among treatments in nut size were found in 2007; nut weight in the control treatment was 7.5 g per nut and in M was 8.0 g per nut. Nut weight was smaller during 2008 when nut yield was high, and the untreated control nuts were smaller than those from treated trees. The manure and manure plus Zn treatments increased foliar Zn levels in pecan trees after 3 years of annual applications. In 2008, significant differences in leaflet Zn concentration among treatments were detected with M2Z2 having the highest concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manure and Soil Zinc Application to ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees Growing Under Alkaline Conditions

Núñez-Moreno

Walworth²,

Pond

2009

horts

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“…The 2008 survey showed leaf P from 12% of sampled orchards to be lower than the recommended sufficiency range (Table 3). Pond et al (2006) found leaf P from Georgia orchards to be higher than those from Arizona or New Mexico. The authors suggested that because all levels were near the bottom or below recommended ranges (Jones et al, 1991;Robinson et al, 1997), the published ranges for pecans may be too high.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Leaf analysis is widely regarded as a reliable index for many of the nutrient elements of pecan trees. Critical ranges for leaf nutrients have been established based on a specific index tissue sampled at mid-growing season (Pond et al, 2006;Smith, 1991;Wells, 2007). The lowest leaf concentration of the critical range represents the smallest leaf concentration that produces maximum yield.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Critical leaf sufficiency ranges vary considerably by geographic region and state extension service recommendations (Pond et al, 2006). Crop load (Acuna-Maldonado et al, 2003;Kraimer et al, 2001Kraimer et al, , 2004Smith et al, 2007), soil type, and environmental conditions (Johnson and Raun, 2003) can affect nutrient availability, uptake, and/or tissue concentration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crop load (Acuna-Maldonado et al, 2003;Kraimer et al, 2001Kraimer et al, , 2004Smith et al, 2007), soil type, and environmental conditions (Johnson and Raun, 2003) can affect nutrient availability, uptake, and/or tissue concentration. Pond et al (2006) suggest that regional nutrient sufficiency ranges should be considered to ensure accurate nutritional diagnoses.…”

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Pecan Nutrient Element Status and Orchard Soil Fertility in the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States

Wells¹

2009

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This survey addresses the current nutritional status of orchards typical of a large portion of the United States pecan (Carya illinoinensis) industry. A leaf nutrition and soil fertility survey was conducted for commercial orchards in a major production area of the U.S. pecan belt, which is located in southern Georgia. The study sampled pecan orchards from 18 July to 5 Aug. 2005 and 17 July to 3 Aug. 2008. All orchards had a history of commercial level orchard management, and represented a wide range of orchards typical of the region. Results indicate that southeastern U.S. pecan producers should focus their nutrient inputs on nitrogen (N), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and copper (Cu) as needed. The survey results show that leaf N can vary widely by season and among orchard locations. Evidence indicates that many growers could likely forego the soil application of phosphorous (P) and zinc (Zn) until leaf or soil analysis indicates a need. Orchard soil organic matter (SOM) in 2008 averaged 3.63%, and ranged from 1.74% on coarse-textured sandy soils to 5% on sandy loam soils. Both SOM and soil nitrate-N were higher in orchards using clover (Trifolium spp.) as a cool-season orchard groundcover than those using a grass sod only. The mean carbon:S ratio of Georgia pecan orchard soils was 504:1, which may further reduce tree uptake of S from low-S soils.

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Tree‐to‐Tree Nutrient Variability in Pecan Orchards

Walworth

2020

Crops & Soils

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Tree‐to‐tree uniformity is desirable for nutrient management in orchards, particularly with the prevalence of nutrient application via fertigation, which makes it very difficult to tailor nutrient distribution for individual trees. The goals of this study were to measure the degree of variability of foliar nutrient concentrations exhibited by pecan trees in an Arizona orchard as well as to determine the importance of different sources of variation. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at http://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/757.

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Leaf Nutrient Levels for Pecans

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Manure and Soil Zinc Application to ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees Growing Under Alkaline Conditions

Manure and Soil Zinc Application to ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees Growing Under Alkaline Conditions

Pecan Nutrient Element Status and Orchard Soil Fertility in the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States

Tree‐to‐Tree Nutrient Variability in Pecan Orchards

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