Leaf phenology and freeze tolerance of the invasive tree Pyrus calleryana (Roseaceae) and potential native competitors1

Maloney, Margaret E.; Hay, Abby; Borth, Eric B.; McEwan, Ryan W.

doi:10.3159/torrey-d-22-00008.1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Based on this sprout response, there is no evidence to support freezing as a control treatment for P. calleryana. Maloney et al (2022) recently reported an extended phenology in P. calleryana including early leaf on, late leaf off, and tolerance to a frost event that suggested that this species may be biologically more tolerant of cold conditions than native species. While our experiment yielded no evidence of freeze vulnerability in this species, the use of freezing as an experimental control mechanism may be useful for other invasive species, particularly those with a home range characterized by mild winters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trial of Fire and Ice: Assessment of Control Techniques forPyrus calleryanaInvasion of Grasslands in Southwestern Ohio, USA

et al. 2023

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Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) is an invasive plant that threatens ecosystems in the eastern United States. We investigated the efficacy of various control techniques on P. calleryana invasion in grasslands. Treatments were applied to (a) P. calleryana stems that had experienced mowing annually for several years and were sprouting (n = 100 stems; "trees-sprouting") and (b) stems that had established ca. 10 years earlier, had never been cut, and were single-stemmed trees (n = 40 stems; "trees-intact"). In both experiments, existing stems were cut and randomly assigned one of the following treatments: cut only (control), burning, freezing, or herbicide, and in the trees-sprouting experiment there was also a negative control of monitoring existing sprouts. All trees in which the cut stumps were treated with herbicide were effectively killed, whereas stems in all other treatments, in both experiments, generated a vigorous sprout response. In the trees-sprouting experiment, there was a strong overall effect of treatments (RMANOVA; p < 0.001) and prescribed fire created a statistically significant increase in sprout number in relationship to the negative control (post-hoc test; p = 0.036). In the trees-intact experiment, there was vigorous sprouting in response to all treatments other than herbicide. Stump freezing resulted in a delay in sprout response; however, all frozen stems eventually sprouted. The ability of this species to sprout vigorously, even after experiencing frequent and intense ecological disturbance, creates the potential for a fundamental alteration of old-field succession in habitats where this species is present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trial of Fire and Ice: Assessment of Control Techniques forPyrus calleryanaInvasion of Grasslands in Southwestern Ohio, USA

et al. 2023

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“…(Shi et al 2006) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) (Morrison and Mauck 2007), P. calleryana can adapt to its environment such that advanced-generation hybrids exhibit higher photosynthetic and transpiration rates than early-generation hybrids (Merritt et al 2014). Once established in an environment, the tree's long-lived seeds, occasional thorny phenotype, fire resistance, and capacity to resprout after topkilling make controlling established populations cost-and laborintensive (Coyle et al 2021;Culley and Hardiman 2007;Hay 2021;Serota and Culley 2019;Warrix and Marshall 2018). Further, as genetic admixture between populations continues into advanced generations, the "cultivation-adapted" trees may lose detrimental traits associated with artificial selection and become more invasive (Hardiman and Culley 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrus calleryana also exhibits many traits associated with both stress tolerance and fast growth. The tree exhibits relatively long leaf phenology compared with native species and is resistant to short-term frost events, potentially allowing it to outcompete native species via its extended growing season (Maloney et al 2022). Additionally, while the photosynthetic characteristics of P. calleryana are comparable to those of other woody deciduous species and measurements conducted by Merritt et al (2014) indicate that it has a lower mean photosynthetic rate than those reported for woody invaders butterfly bush ( Buddleja davidii Franch.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion by Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) does not affect understory abundance or diversity in early-successional meadows

Nebhut,

Dukes

2023

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Trait differences between invasive plants and the plants in their recipient communities moderate the impact of invaders on community composition. Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) is a fast-growing, stress-tolerant tree native to China that has been widely planted for its ornamental value. In recent decades, P. calleryana has naturalized throughout the eastern United States, where it spreads rapidly and achieves high abundance in early-successional environments. Here we compare the impacts of low-density, establishment-phase P. calleryana to those of functionally similar native trees on the understory community diversity and total cover of three early-successional meadows in Indiana’s eastern corn belt plains. In contrast to our prediction that P. calleryana would have greater negative effects on the total abundance and diversity of the understory plant community compared to native Liriodendron tulipifera L., Platanus occidentalis L., or non-tree control plots, we found that these low-density populations of P. calleryana had no significant impact on total cover, species richness, or diversity indices for the understory community, compared to the native trees and non-tree control plots. Likewise, the studied populations of P. calleryana had no significant impact on the native, introduced, woody, or native tree subsets of the understory community. These results indicate that in young, low-density populations situated in early-successional meadows, the trait differences between P. calleryana and functionally similar native trees are not of a great enough magnitude to produce changes in community composition. Going forward, complementary research on the impacts of P. calleryana on community composition and ecosystem processes in areas with long-established, dense invasions or invasions in more sensitive ecosystems would allow us to more fully understand how this widespread invader disrupts its host ecosystems.

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Spatial distribution of Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana, Rosaceae) in northern Kentucky and southwest Ohio1

Boyce

2024

The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

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Leaf phenology and freeze tolerance of the invasive tree Pyrus calleryana (Roseaceae) and potential native competitors1

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

A Trial of Fire and Ice: Assessment of Control Techniques forPyrus calleryanaInvasion of Grasslands in Southwestern Ohio, USA

A Trial of Fire and Ice: Assessment of Control Techniques forPyrus calleryanaInvasion of Grasslands in Southwestern Ohio, USA

Invasion by Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) does not affect understory abundance or diversity in early-successional meadows

Spatial distribution of Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana, Rosaceae) in northern Kentucky and southwest Ohio1

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