Leaf-Structure as Related to Environment

Hanson, Herbert C.

doi:10.2307/2435253

Cited by 70 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Final leaf density and LMA values found in this study were smaller than those observed in the field (paper I of this series). Two possible reasons may account for these differences: (1) field trees experience five times higher maximum light intensities than in our controlled environment experiments, and it is known that leaves respond to high light by growing thicker mesophyll tissue (more layers of palisade mesophyll cells) to enhance light absorption (Hanson 1917), (2) mature leaves of seedlings may differ from leaves found on adult trees (Piel et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The debate recently has been over the relevance of irradiance versus height (hydraulic constraint) as the primary determinant of the plasticity (Ellsworth and Reich 1993;Sack et al 2006;Marshall and Monserud 2003;England and Attiwill 2006;Cavaleri et al 2010;Oldham et al 2010). Since almost a century ago, the study of leaf morphology and its response to environmental factors such as irradiance, vapor pressure deficits, temperature, and relative humidity has been studied (Hanson 1917). Previous studies have shown that leaves developed under higher irradiance levels have longer and stacked palisade cells and larger and more abundant mesophyll cells, which results in increased leaf thickness and leaf dry weight per area (LMA) (Ellsworth and Reich 1993;Hikosaka et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors controlling plasticity of leaf morphology in Robinia pseudoacacia L. II: the impact of water stress on leaf morphology of seedlings grown in a controlled environment chamber

Zhang

Equiza

Zheng

et al. 2011

Annals of Forest Science

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& Context The cause of morphological plasticity of leaves within the crowns of tall trees still debated. Whether it is driven by irradiance or hydraulic constraints is inconclusive. In a previous study, we hypothesized that water stress caused between-site and within-tree morphological variability in mature Robinia trees. & Aims To test this hypothesis, we designed an experiment to analyze the effect of long-term water stress on leaf growth of Robinia seedlings in a controlled environment. & Methods Two treatments were performed: well-watered (midday water potential, Ψ w =−0.45 MPa) and waterstressed (Ψ w =−1.0 Mpa), which resulted in significant differences in physiology, relative growth rate, and the temporal progress of leaf growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling plasticity of leaf morphology in Robinia pseudoacacia L. II: the impact of water stress on leaf morphology of seedlings grown in a controlled environment chamber

Zhang

Equiza

Zheng

et al. 2011

Annals of Forest Science

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“…1). Increases in leaf thickness frequently have been noted in sun leaves of other species (Hanson, 1917;Givnish, 1988). In mangroves, the appearance of such schleromorphic leaf traits has also been correlated with increases in salinity (Camilleri and Ribi, 1983) and decreases in water availability (Hutchings and Saenger, 1985), suggesting that plasticity of allocation to the hypodermal layer may function as a mechanism for foliar water storage, succulence, or osmotic regulation (Tomlinson, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structure, display, and photosynthetic physiology of leaves vary within and among plants over integrated gradients of light, temperature, and water availability in functionally significant ways (Hanson, 1917;Bjorkman and Holmgren, 1963;Horn, 1971;Boardman, 1977;Mooney and Gulmon, 1979;Givnish, 1987Givnish, , 1988Reich, Walters, and Ellsworth, 1992), and change as leaves themselves age (Chabot and Hicks, 1982). Much less is known about characterstics of leaves, and larger modules change as whole plants mature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sun-Shade Adaptability of the Red Mangrove, Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae): Changes Through Ontogeny at Several Levels of Biological Organization

Farnsworth¹,

Ellison²

1996

American Journal of Botany

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.Rhizophora mangle L., the predominant neotropical mangrove species, occupies a gradient from low intertidal swamp margins with high insolation, to shaded sites at highest high water. Across a light gradient, R. mangle shows properties of both "light-demanding" and "shade-tolerant" species, and defies designation according to existing successional paradigms for rain forest trees. The mode and magnitude of its adaptability to light also change through ontogeny as it grows into the canopy. We characterized and compared phenotypic flexibility of R. mangle seedlings, saplings, and tree modules across changing light environments, from the level of leaf anatomy and photosynthesis, through stem and whole-plant architecture. We also examined growth and mortality differences among sun and shade populations of seedlings over 3 yr. Sun and shade seedling populations diverged in terms of four of six leaf anatomy traits (relative thickness of tissue layers and stomatal density), as well as leaf size and shape, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf internode distances, disparity in blade-petiole angles, canopy spread: height ratios, standing leaf numbers, summer (July) photosynthetic light curve shapes, and growth rates. Saplings showed significant sun/shade differences in fewer characters: leaf thickness, SLA, leaf overlap, disparity in bladepetiole angles, standing leaf numbers, stem volume and branching angle (first-order branches only), and summer photosynthesis. In trees, leaf anatomy was insensitive to light environment, but leaf length, width, and SLA, disparities in bladepetiole angles, and summer maximal photosynthetic rates varied among sun and shade leaf populations. Seedling and sapling photosynthetic rates were significantly depressed in winter (December), while photosynthetic rates in tree leaves did not differ in winter and summer. Seasonal and ontogenetic changes in response to light environment are apparent at several levels of biological organization in R. mangle, within constraints of its architectural bauplan. Such variation has implications for models of stand carbon gain, and suggest that response flexibility may change with plant age.

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“…Leaves are known to modify their anatomy and morphology to adapt to the prevailing light environment (e.g., Hanson, 1917;Büsgen & Münch, 1929;McDougal & Penfound, 1928;Wylie, 1949Wylie, , 1951. Such phenotypic plasticity is a universal feature of plants (Bradshaw, 1965).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Leaf Physiology and Anatomy of Two Himalayan Oaks in Response to Different Light Environments

Thadani¹,

Berlyn

Ashton

2009

Journal of Sustainable Forestry

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Leaf physiological and anatomical attributes of seedlings of two Himalayan oaks grown in different light conditions were examined. Both species are stand forming with banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) dominating at elevations of 1400-2300 m whereas tilonj oak (Quercus floribunda) is common from 2100-2700 m altitudes. Both oaks are hypostomatous and have sclerophyllous leaves. While Q. leucotrichophora oak leaves were larger, those of Q. floribunda were thicker and more densely packed leaves. At the seedling stage, the points of Q. floribunda leaves are modified into spines apparently to reduce herbivory. Q. leucotrichophora leaves have a thick cuticle, and presence of stellate epidermal hair on the leaf undersurface to reduce transpiration. Quercus floribunda seedlings had anatomical traits consistent with more efficient use of light but lower water use efficiency. Contrary to prevailing belief, Q. floribunda leaves had a higher photosynthetic rate at all light levels and an exploitative strategy that enables it to utilize high moisture and light levels better than Q. leucotrichophora. The ability of Q. leucotrichophora to use water more conservatively is likely to allow it to colonize drier habitats. These observations correlate well with observations of growth and survival on the field.

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Leaf-Structure as Related to Environment

Cited by 70 publications

References 10 publications

Factors controlling plasticity of leaf morphology in Robinia pseudoacacia L. II: the impact of water stress on leaf morphology of seedlings grown in a controlled environment chamber

Factors controlling plasticity of leaf morphology in Robinia pseudoacacia L. II: the impact of water stress on leaf morphology of seedlings grown in a controlled environment chamber

Sun-Shade Adaptability of the Red Mangrove, Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae): Changes Through Ontogeny at Several Levels of Biological Organization

A Comparison of Leaf Physiology and Anatomy of Two Himalayan Oaks in Response to Different Light Environments

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