Leaf-surface Wax in<i>Poa colensoi</i>

Daly, Garry

doi:10.1093/jxb/15.1.160

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In the opinion of some researchers, the wax and cuticle develop better in extreme environmental conditions (EZAU, 1980;NAGALEVSKYJ & NIKOLAYEVSLIJ, 1981;EVERT, 2006). Other scientists think that the type and the quantity of wax are diagnostic features (DALY, 1964). Our study showed that the wax well develops on the all leaf surface on the both sides in all samples of Ukrainian Gladiolus species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Micromorphological study (ultrastructure of lamina surface, seeds, ultrasculpture of pollen grains) of Gladiolus L. species (Iridaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora

Zhygalova

Futorna

Levanets

2014

Environmental &Amp; Socio-Economic Studies

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G. tenuis M. Bieb.) as regards leaves, seeds and pollens are presented with this investigation in a detailed way. An examination of the surface structure of the leaves, seeds and pollen grains of the Gladiolus species indicates that the characteristics of the ultrastructure of leaves and of pollen grains are not diagnostic for distinguishing species, but they could be important at genus level (leaves: features such as being amphistomatic, having the same quantity of immersed stomata on both surfaces and having a high stomata index, the presence and localisation of papillae, the shape of epidermal cells; pollen grains: monosulcate type with two operculums). However, the type of surface ultrastructure of the seed coat is a diagnostic feature as at genus level so for species. It can be mentioned that propose the use of features such as the shape and position of the cicatricle, the type of cuticle, the shape and boundaries of cells of testa, and the anticlinal cell walls as diagnostic features at genera level. The shape of seeds, the presence and disposition of wing, the level of the periclinal cell walls of the seed coat and types of relief are additional diagnostic features for distinguishing of Gladiolus species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Micromorphological study (ultrastructure of lamina surface, seeds, ultrasculpture of pollen grains) of Gladiolus L. species (Iridaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora

Zhygalova

Futorna

Levanets

2014

Environmental &Amp; Socio-Economic Studies

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“…Whitecross (1963) and Daly (1964) have also demonstrated increased wax on plants grown at low temperatures while Barber and Jackson (1957) citeincreasedglaucousness of E. urnigera Hook. with increasing altitude as an example of clinal variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Characteristics of Euoalyptus Bicostata Maiden Et Al. Seedlings Affecting the Deposition and Germination of Spores of Phaeoseptoria Eucalypti (Hansf.) Walker

Heatrer¹

1967

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryThe water·soluble fraction of the ether·soluble moiety of the glaucous coating on the juvenile leaves of seedlings of Eucalyptus bicostata Maiden et al. inhibited the in vitro germination of the conidia of Phaeoseptoria eucalypti (Hansf.) Walker. A negative correlation was obtained between susceptibility of leaves to P. eucalypti leaf spot and the weight per unit leaf area of ether-soluble substances also soluble in water. Glaucousness of seedling leaves and inhibition of spore germination both increased acropetally, glaucousness also increasing when seedlings were raised at lower temperatures. The glaucous coating of leaves was strongly hydrophobic and affected the deposition of conidia from water suspensions as did the leaf angle.Hydrophobicity of glaucous surfaces and leaf angle are probably more important than chemical inhibition of spore germination in affecting field infection of E. bicostata leaves by P. eucalypti.

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“…The maintenance of EW polymorphisms suggests diverse and variable ecological roles for EW blooms. Postulated reasons for EW polymorphism include protection from freezing in Eucalyptus (Thomas and Barber 1974), protection from variable drought in grasses (Daly 1964), and protection from variable UV in Dudlya (Mulroy 1979). EW variation also influences susceptibility to herbivores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a simple plant morphological mutation on the arthropod community and the impacts of predators on a principal insect herbivore

2003

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Plant features that enhance predator effectiveness can be considered extrinsic-resistance factors because they result in reduced insect herbivory. In this paper we test the hypothesis that reduced epicuticular wax (EW) in Pisum sativum L. is an extrinsic-resistance factor contributing to field resistance to Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). We monitored pea aphid populations in the field on reduced EW and normal EW near isolines of peas for two seasons and confirmed that aphid populations are lower on reduced EW peas than on normal EW peas. We also monitored predators within the canopies of the two pea lines to discover community level patterns in response to differences in EW. We found that while predator numbers were similar between the two lines, there were more syrphids on the normal EW peas, and a trend towards more coccinellids on reduced EW peas. We tested the impact of predators on pea aphids on the two EW lines by monitoring their population levels in cages that excluded predators, and in cages that allowed predators to enter. We found that pea aphid populations were similar on the two EW lines when predators were excluded. When predators were allowed access to the plants, pea aphid populations were reduced more on reduced EW peas than on normal EW peas. We also examined the intrinsic resistance to aphids in reduced EW peas with laboratory dual-choice tests comparing aphid response to reduced EW and normal EW peas, and found that walking, apterous aphids displayed no preference for one pea line over the other. Bioassays to measure growth and fecundity of the pea aphid on the two EW types in the greenhouse and in the field showed that intrinsic rate of increase, and other life table parameters, were not different for aphids on the two lines. Together these results support the hypothesis that reduced EW in peas is a predator-dependent extrinsic resistance factor. Genetically reducing EW bloom in peas and other waxy crop plants might improve the effectiveness of arthropod natural enemies of insect pests. More generally, the results show that a subtle change in plant morphology can substantially influence the impact of predators on insect herbivore populations. The benefit of extrinsic resistance to herbivory conferred by reduced EW may balance any benefits of a prominent EW bloom, thereby sustaining EW polymorphisms in some natural plant populations.

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Leaf-surface Wax inPoa colensoi

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

Micromorphological study (ultrastructure of lamina surface, seeds, ultrasculpture of pollen grains) of Gladiolus L. species (Iridaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora

Micromorphological study (ultrastructure of lamina surface, seeds, ultrasculpture of pollen grains) of Gladiolus L. species (Iridaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora

Leaf Characteristics of Euoalyptus Bicostata Maiden Et Al. Seedlings Affecting the Deposition and Germination of Spores of Phaeoseptoria Eucalypti (Hansf.) Walker

Effects of a simple plant morphological mutation on the arthropod community and the impacts of predators on a principal insect herbivore

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