Leaf trait dissimilarities between Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease

Ďurkovič, Jaroslav; Čaňová, Ingrid; Lagaňa, Rastislav; Kučerová, Veronika; Moravčík, Michal; Priwitzer, Tibor; Urban, Josef; Dvořák, Miloň; Krajňáková, Jana

doi:10.1093/aob/mcs274

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…(Protist), both related to severe infections in humans ( Siddiqui and Khan, 2012 ; Menezes et al, 2016 ); Heterobasidion sp., Cryphonectria sp., Rosellinia sp., and Ophiostoma sp. (Fungi), groups of fungi related to diverse plant infections, both domesticated and from native forests, causing severe diseases such as annosum root and chestnut blight ( Hillman and Suzuki, 2004 ; Ďurkovič et al, 2013 ; Kondo et al, 2013 ; Vainio and Hantula, 2015 ); and Mycobacterium sp., Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Bacillus sp. (Bacteria), all groups of prokaryotes related to life-threatening diseases, such as tuberculosis ( Korb et al, 2016 ), gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary infections ( Langan et al, 2015 ; Vila et al, 2016 ), and also used as biological weapons ( Goel, 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anthropocentric View of the Virosphere-Host Relationship

et al. 2017

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For over a century, viruses have been known as the most abundant and diverse group of organisms on Earth, forming a virosphere. Based on extensive meta-analyses, we present, for the first time, a wide and complete overview of virus–host network, covering all known viral species. Our data indicate that most of known viral species, regardless of their genomic category, have an intriguingly narrow host range, infecting only 1 or 2 host species. Our data also show that the known virosphere has expanded based on viruses of human interest, related to economical, medical or biotechnological activities. In addition, we provide an overview of the distribution of viruses on different environments on Earth, based on meta-analyses of available metaviromic data, showing the contrasting ubiquity of head-tailed phages against the specificity of some viral groups in certain environments. Finally, we uncovered all human viral species, exploring their diversity and the most affected organic systems. The virus–host network presented here shows an anthropocentric view of the virology. It is therefore clear that a huge effort and change in perspective is necessary to see more than the tip of the iceberg when it comes to virology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anthropocentric View of the Virosphere-Host Relationship

et al. 2017

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“…This beetle can cause important damage to elm trees by defoliating them; however, the consequences of this pest are less devastating than those produced by DED which is capable of killing full elm populations ( Brasier, 2000 ). Several works have analyzed DED from a physiological, metabolic or anatomical perspective (e.g., Martín et al, 2005b , 2009 ; Solla et al, 2005b ; Ďurkovič et al, 2013 ; Venturas et al, 2014 ), however few studies have investigated this disease from a molecular point of view. The published works focused on molecular response to DED used northern blots, SSH, or RT-PCR to identify and study the expression pattern of a reduced number of genes mainly during in vitro interaction between elms callus cells and O. novo-ulmi ( Nasmith et al, 2008 ; Aoun et al, 2009 , 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive sequencing of Ulmus minor’s transcriptome provides new molecular tools for a genus under the constant threat of Dutch elm disease

et al. 2015

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Elms, especially Ulmus minor and U. americana, are carrying out a hard battle against Dutch elm disease (DED). This vascular wilt disease, caused by Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi, appeared in the twentieth century and killed millions of elms across North America and Europe. Elm breeding and conservation programmes have identified a reduced number of DED tolerant genotypes. In this study, three U. minor genotypes with contrasted levels of tolerance to DED were exposed to several biotic and abiotic stresses in order to (i) obtain a de novo assembled transcriptome of U. minor using 454 pyrosequencing, (ii) perform a functional annotation of the assembled transcriptome, (iii) identify genes potentially involved in the molecular response to environmental stress, and (iv) develop gene-based markers to support breeding programmes. A total of 58,429 putative unigenes were identified after assembly and filtering of the transcriptome. 32,152 of these unigenes showed homology with proteins identified in the genome from the most common plant model species. Well-known family proteins and transcription factors involved in abiotic, biotic or both stresses were identified after functional annotation. A total of 30,693 polymorphisms were identified in 7,125 isotigs, a large number of them corresponding to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; 27,359). In a subset randomly selected for validation, 87% of the SNPs were confirmed. The material generated may be valuable for future Ulmus gene expression, population genomics and association genetics studies, especially taking into account the scarce molecular information available for this genus and the great impact that DED has on elm populations.

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“…); (iii) whereas leaf gas exchange and carbon and nutrient accumulation were not affected by O. novo‐ulmi in mature resistant ‘ Dodoens ’ elm ( U. glabra ‘Exoniensis’ × U. wallichiana ) hybrids (Ďurkovič et al. ). The shortage of carbon reserves, in turn, could limit the synthesis of defence compounds and compromise the capacity to recover from shoot dieback (McDowell et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical differences amongUlmus minorgenotypes showing a gradient of resistance toDutch elm disease

López

Venturas

et al. 2015

Forest Pathology

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Dutch elm disease (DED) spread across Europe and North America in the 20th century killing most natural elm populations. Today, breeding programmes aim at identifying, propagating and studying elm clones resistant to DED. Here, we have compared the physiology and biochemistry of six genotypes of Ulmus minor of variable DED resistance. Leaf gas exchange, water potential, stem hydraulic conductivity and biochemical status were studied in 5-year-old trees of AB-AM2.4, M-DV2.3, M-DV2 9 M-CC1.5 and M-DV1 and 6-year-old trees of VA-AP38 and BU-FL7 before and after inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Leaf water potential and net photosynthesis rates declined, while the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) increased after the inoculation in susceptible trees. By the 21st day, leaf predawn and midday water potential, stomatal conductance to water vapour and net photosynthesis rates were lower, and PLC was higher in trees of susceptible (S) genotypes inoculated with the pathogen than in control trees inoculated with water, whereas no significant treatment effect was observed on these variables in the resistant (R) genotypes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed a different biochemical profile for branches of R and S clones. R clones showed higher absorption peaks that could be assigned to phenolic compounds, saturated hydrocarbons, cellulose and hemicellulose than S clones. The differences were more marked at the end of the experiment than at the beginning, suggesting that R and S clones responded differently to the inevitable wounding from inoculation and repeated sampling over the experimental course. We hypothesize that a weak activation of the defence system in response to experimental wounding can contribute to the susceptibility of some genotypes to O. novo-ulmi. In turn, the decline in shoot hydraulic conductivity and leaf carbon uptake caused by the infection further exacerbates tree susceptibility to the fungus.

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Leaf trait dissimilarities between Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

An Anthropocentric View of the Virosphere-Host Relationship

An Anthropocentric View of the Virosphere-Host Relationship

Massive sequencing of Ulmus minor’s transcriptome provides new molecular tools for a genus under the constant threat of Dutch elm disease

Physiological and biochemical differences amongUlmus minorgenotypes showing a gradient of resistance toDutch elm disease

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