Leaf traits and photosynthetic responses of Betula pendula saplings to a range of ground-level ozone concentrations at a range of nitrogen loads

Harmens, Harry; Hayes, Felicity; Sharps, Katrina; Mills, Gina; Calatayud, Vicent

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2017.01.002

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…177 No interactions, positive or negative, were observed in saplings of silver birch (Betula pendula) to 24-h mean concentrations of O3 ranging from 72 to 136 µg m -3 (for 165 days in the first year and 122 days in the 2 nd year) and four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (10, 30, 50, or 70 kg N ha -1 y 1 ). 178 Similar lack of interactions were reported in another study on inhibition of isoprenoid-biomarkers of exposure to 80 µg O3 m -3 in Cathay poplar (Populus cathayana) treated with nitrogen fertilizer at 50 or 100 kg N ha -1 y 1 . 179 In soybean (Glycine max) interactive effects were found from exposure to enhanced UV radiation (5% increase in UV-B and UV-A radiation over ambient) and O3.…”

Section: Insert Table 2 After This Pointsupporting

confidence: 78%

Interactive effects of changing stratospheric ozone and climate on tropospheric composition and air quality, and the consequences for human and ecosystem health

Wilson

Madronich

Longstreth

et al. 2019

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Section: Insert Table 2 After This Pointsupporting

confidence: 78%

Interactive effects of changing stratospheric ozone and climate on tropospheric composition and air quality, and the consequences for human and ecosystem health

Wilson

Madronich

Longstreth

et al. 2019

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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“…The tight relationships between chlorophyll content and A sat for T. aestivum and P. vulgaris also suggest that crop management strategies to maintain leaf chlorophyll content and delay leaf senescence during ozone exposure may help to reduce yield losses. However, whereas standard farming practices may be to apply additional nitrogen‐based fertiliser to increase leaf greenness, this may not be effective if the cause of the leaf senescence is ozone exposure (Broberg, Uddling, Mills, & Pleijel, ; Harmens, Hayes, Sharps, Mills, & Calatayud, ). Strategies to increase detoxification capacity within the leaves or to reduce stomatal flux by either reducing stomatal opening or reducing ambient ozone concentrations could be more effective in this case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone pollution reduces the yield of African crops

Hayes

Sharps

Harmens

et al. 2019

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Northern, Southern and Equatorial Africa have been identified as among the regions most at risk from very high ozone concentrations. Whereas we know that many crop cultivars from Europe, north America and Asia are sensitive to ozone, almost nothing is known about the sensitivity of staple food crops in Africa to the pollutant. In this study cultivars of the African staple food crops, Triticum aestivum (wheat), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) and Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) were exposed to an episodic ozone regime in solardomes in order to assess whether African crops are sensitive to ozone pollution. Extensive visible leaf injury due to ozone was shown for many cultivars, indicating high sensitivity to ozone. Reductions in total yield and 1,000‐grain weight were found for T. aestivum and P. vulgaris, whereas there was no effect on yield for E. coracana and P. glaucum. There were differences in sensitivity to ozone for different cultivars of an individual crop, indicating that there could be possibilities for either cultivar selection or selective crop breeding to reduce sensitivity of these crops to ozone.

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“…As the aqueous part of the emulsion, ultrapure water was used for blank measurements and sample extracts were used for sample measurements. The emulsions were prepared on thin glass slides via mixing by hand with a pipette tip with oil in small excess, leading to aqueous droplets in an inert phase (Hauptmann et al, 2016). One glass slide was then placed on a Peltier element (Quick-cool QC-31-1.4-3.7M) with a thermocouple on its surface (next to the sample spot).…”

Section: Vodca (Vienna Optical Droplet Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birch leaves and branches as a source of ice-nucleating macromolecules

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Birch pollen are known to release ice-nucleating macromolecules (INM), but little is known about the production and release of INM from other parts of the tree. We examined the ice nucleation activity of samples from 10 different birch trees (Betula spp.). Samples were taken from nine birch trees in Tyrol, Austria, and from one tree in a small urban park in Vienna, Austria. Filtered aqueous extracts of 30 samples of leaves, primary wood (new branch wood, green in colour, photosynthetically active), and secondary wood (older branch wood, brown in colour, with no photosynthetic activity) were analysed in terms of ice nucleation activity using VODCA (Vienna Optical Droplet Crystallization Analyser), a cryo microscope for emulsion samples. All samples contained ice-nucleating particles in the submicron size range. Concentrations of ice nuclei ranged from 6.7×104 to 6.1×109 mg−1 sample. Mean freezing temperatures varied between −15.6 and −31.3 ∘C; the range of temperatures where washes of birch pollen and dilutions thereof typically freeze. The freezing behaviour of three concentrations of birch pollen washing water (initial wash, 1 : 100, and 1 : 10 000) were significantly associated with more than a quarter of our samples, including some of the samples with highest and lowest activity. This indicates a relationship between the INM of wood, leaves, and pollen. Extracts derived from secondary wood showed the highest concentrations of INM and the highest freezing temperatures. Extracts from the leaves exhibited the highest variation in INM and freezing temperatures. Infrared spectra of the extracts and tested birch samples show qualitative similarity, suggesting the chemical components may be broadly similar.

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Leaf traits and photosynthetic responses of Betula pendula saplings to a range of ground-level ozone concentrations at a range of nitrogen loads

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Interactive effects of changing stratospheric ozone and climate on tropospheric composition and air quality, and the consequences for human and ecosystem health

Interactive effects of changing stratospheric ozone and climate on tropospheric composition and air quality, and the consequences for human and ecosystem health

Tropospheric ozone pollution reduces the yield of African crops

Birch leaves and branches as a source of ice-nucleating macromolecules

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