Leak detection of pipelines

Two-Leak Case Diagnosis Based on Static Flow Model for Liquid Transmission Pipelines

“…Therefore, more advanced solutions are applied, which often use the models of flow dynamics [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 17 ]. When a two-leak case is perceived from the perspective of dynamic models in steady-state conditions, its general symptoms are consistent with a case of a single leak [ 1 ].…”

“…To a large degree, they relate to aspects concerning the elaboration and finding solutions for the model. In order to ensure a high accuracy of estimation of the leak location, a dynamic flow model corresponding to a typical section of a transmission pipeline of 30–100 km in length should be composed of several dozen sections, as stated in [ 17 ]. This leads to an extensive system of equations that are hard to solve.…”

“…By comparing model-generated data with measured data and accurately fitting the model (i.e., minimizing the obtained deviations), it enables the detection and location of both leaks. Similarly, these aspects are also important for so-called automatic control approach methods [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 17 , 20 ], which generally use the mathematical model of liquid flow dynamics described in state-space along with its further analysis based on the implementation of state observers.…”

Accuracy and Uncertainty of Gradient Based Leak Localization Procedure for Liquid Transmission Pipelines

“…Examples of such methods are the compensated volume balance methods [ 4 ], which take into account line package variation due to changeability in the density of a pumped liquid medium, a cross section of the pipe, temperature, and pressure along the pipeline. In addition to this, the so-called automatic control approach methods [ 1 , 7 , 8 ] can be also mentioned, where the pumping process model is mainly described in a state space and a common solution for further analysis is an implementation of state observers.…”

“…However, thanks to the pressure drop in the pipeline, it is possible to obtain the exact location of a leak based on the calculation of pressure gradients [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Gradient-based procedures are used both in simplified [ 16 ] as well as very advanced solutions [ 1 , 8 ] of analytical methods. Such procedures are used for diagnosing leaks when they occur in both steady and transient states, i.e., related to an operating point change, a valve’s aperture and closure, and pump start-up or stoppage.…”