Leakage Management and Pipe System Efficiency. Its Influence in the Improvement of the Efficiency Indexes

Ávila, Carlos Andrés Macías; Sánchez-Romero, Francisco-Javier; Jiménez, Petra Amparo López; Sánchez, Modesto Pérez

doi:10.3390/w13141909

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The results showed that changes in AZP at the DMA level directly influence the behavior of the nodal hydraulic flow. This finding is supported by [22,49,50].…”

Section: Transient Flow Data and Pressure Analysissupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In order to measure the effects of reduced pressure, Table 4 present the efficiency indexes computed in terms of the ratio of the average pressure, MNF and SIV. This efficiency index ratio method has been applied elsewhere [49,51]. According to [49,51], the efficiency index ratio is also called the volumetric efficiency index, where the change in pressure influences the rate of volumetric input and output.…”

Section: Pressure and Flow Efficiency Index Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This efficiency index ratio method has been applied elsewhere [49,51]. According to [49,51], the efficiency index ratio is also called the volumetric efficiency index, where the change in pressure influences the rate of volumetric input and output. For this study, the efficiency index results are presented below.…”

Section: Pressure and Flow Efficiency Index Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optimal Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems: Efficiency Indexes for Volumetric Cost Performance, Consumption and Linear Leakage Measurements

Mathye

Scholz

Nyende‐Byakika

2022

Water

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Water is a finite resource and should be given the attention it deserves to reduce its depletion through leakages in pipe systems. The authors implemented pressure management strategies linked to fixed and variable discharge (FAVAD), the burst and background estimate (BABE), and orifice principle methodologies to analyze a two-phased comparative method for applying optimal pressure management and its efficiency indexes in measuring volumetric cost performance, consumption, leakage flowrate, linear leakage reduction, infrastructural leakage and leakage cost indices. Using time-modulated smart control pressure reducing valve (PRV) simulation processes, the authors selected Alexandra Township in Johannesburg, South Africa as a case study. The results showed a reduction in head pressure, a reduction in the system input volume (SIV) from 26,272,579 m3 to 21,915,943 m3 and a reduction in minimum night flow (MNF) from 14.01% to 12.50%. The annual estimated nodal system output (NSO) was reduced from 14,774.62 m3 to 12,787.85 m3. The monthly average linear system repairs were reduced from 246 to 177, while the efficiency index percentages of leakage frequency/km/pressure were reduced from 8.31% to 5.98%. At a unit cost of $3.18/m3, the cost of leakages declined from $4,009,315.54 to $2,862,053.10 per month, while average household consumption (AMC) reduced from 36.33 m3 to 24.56 m3. Finally, the linear reduction value R2 for the percentage of the total leakage flowrate (TLFR)/SIV declined from 0.58 to 0.5, whereas the infrastructure leakage ratio (ILI) increased from 4 to 4.3. The results fully demonstrated that optimal pressure management is an alternative way to simulate, estimate, quantify and understand where and how water is lost in a distribution system. The authors propose that the implementation of proactive leakage management and domestic background leakage repair could further assist in reducing the frequency and cost of water leakages.

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“…The results showed that changes in AZP at the DMA level directly influence the behavior of the nodal hydraulic flow. This finding is supported by [22,49,50].…”

Section: Transient Flow Data and Pressure Analysissupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Pressure and Flow Efficiency Index Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pressure and Flow Efficiency Index Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimal Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems: Efficiency Indexes for Volumetric Cost Performance, Consumption and Linear Leakage Measurements

Mathye

Scholz

Nyende‐Byakika

2022

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…With reference to power plants, when liquid leakage occurs in the cooling apparatus, the stator windings are heated unevenly, causing an uneven heating of the iron core and anomalous vibration of the generator (resulting in a potential threat to the safe and stable operation of the generator set) [3]. The main reasons for pipeline leaks include the natural wear process of wear, corrosion phenomena on both the inner and outer pipe surface, damages due to excessive mechanical loads, assembling faults, thermal fatigue, and material defects [4]. The pipework failure is generally attributed to the ageing infrastructure and/or severe environmental conditions [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine Vision—Based Pipe Leakage Detection System for Automated Power Plant Maintenance

Bao

Fan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Industrial pipework maintenance inspection can be automated through machine vision-based effusion monitoring. However, colorless effusions such as water can be difficult to detect in a complex industrial environment due to weak illumination and poor visibility of the background. This paper deploys the reflective characteristics of effusion and its lower temperature compared to the environment in order to develop an automatic inspection system for power plant pipeworks’ maintenance. Such a system is aimed at detecting the colorless fluid effusion based on dual source images and a contour features algorithm. In this respect, a visible light source unit highlights the reflective features of the effusion edge. Meanwhile, high-definition images of the potential effusion are acquired under both visible and infrared lights. A customized image processing procedure extracts the potential effusion features from the infrared image to retrieve the region of interest for segmentation purposes and transfer such information to the visible light image to determine the effusion contour. Finally, a decision-making support tool based on the image contour closure is enabled for classification purposes. The implementation of the proposed system is tested on a real industrial environment. Experimental results show a classification accuracy up to 99%, demonstrating excellent suitability in meeting industrial requirements.

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“…The use of PATs in systems is the new trend in applications such as irrigation [1]- [4], hydroelectricity [5], drinking water supply [6], [7] and, energy recovery systems [8]- [12]. The main advantages of PATs are availability [1], short delivery time, long service life, and economic feasibility, construction and, maintenance advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pumps as Turbines (PATs) by Analysis with CFD Models

Plua¹,

Hidalgo²,

Cando³

et al. 2022

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology

Self Cite

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Pumps as turbines (PATs) are the typical solution for electrification using micro hydropower plants (MHP) in the rural sector. Other engineering applications where lately the use of PATs have increased are irrigation, water supply, and energy recovery systems due to their availability, short delivery time, long service life, economic feasibility, construction, and maintenance advantages. However, selecting the suitable pump(s) is difficult because manufacturers only provide performance curves when operating in pump mode; therefore, there is no universal method to predict that issue. For this reason, theoretical, analytical, experimental, and numerical simulation research have been made to predict these curves and the PATs' performance. The present paper analyzes PATs with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on advanced research. For this aim, information from a wide range of types of pumps with different rotation speeds was classified to examine case approaches, computational domains, mesh generation, boundary conditions, optimization of elements, and CFD package used to establish the effectiveness of this tool and to find characteristics which have not been enough investigated at present. Most studies used CFD simulations with ANSYS code and K- turbulence closure model, which presented adequate results. Finally, this paper shows that numerical simulations with CFD analysis were successfully carried out to determine pump performance and predict curves in direct and reverse mode, improving certain components and conducting more profound research on certain specific issues.

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Leakage Management and Pipe System Efficiency. Its Influence in the Improvement of the Efficiency Indexes

Cited by 29 publications

References 103 publications

Optimal Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems: Efficiency Indexes for Volumetric Cost Performance, Consumption and Linear Leakage Measurements

Optimal Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems: Efficiency Indexes for Volumetric Cost Performance, Consumption and Linear Leakage Measurements

A Machine Vision—Based Pipe Leakage Detection System for Automated Power Plant Maintenance

Pumps as Turbines (PATs) by Analysis with CFD Models

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