Leakage of sodium ions from plasma membrane modification, associated with permeability change, in host cells treated with a host-specific toxin from a Japanese pear pathotype of <i>Alternaria alternata</i>

Park, Pyoyun; Ohno, Tohgo; Nishimura, Syoyo; Kohmoto, Keisuke; Otani, Hiroshi

doi:10.1139/b87-043

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The severely damaged subtype of plasma membrane modification is typical in susceptible genotypes of Japanese pear plants treated with the toxin. The toxin caused permeability changes in host cells but not in fungal cells within 2 min of toxin exposure (Park et al 1976) and caused changes in the plasma membrane within 5 min of exposure (Park et al 1987b). The permeability dysfunction was probably associated with the modifications because the modifications were observed specifically at plasma membranes near the plasmodesmata of the toxin-treated host cells ( Fig.…”

Section: Mode Of Action Of Alternaria and Stemphylium Host-specific Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural analysis of responses of host and fungal cells during plant infection

Park

Ikeda

2007

J Gen Plant Pathol

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Cellular responses in fungi and in susceptible or resistant hosts during fungus-plant interactions have been studied ultrastructurally to examine their role in pathogenicity. Pathogenicity is determined in some saprophytic fungi by various factors: the production of disease determinants such as the production of host-specific toxins (HSTs) or the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fungal infection structures and H 2 O 2 generation from penetration pegs. Three different target sites for HSTs have been identified in host cells in many ultrastructural studies: plasma membranes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. The mode of action of HSTs is characterized by the partial destruction of the target structures only in susceptible genotypes of host plants, with the result that the fungus can colonize the host. The infection structures of most fungal pathogen secrete ECM on plant surfaces during fungal differentiation, while the penetration pegs of some pathogens produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell walls and plasma membranes. The pathological roles of ECM and H 2 O 2 generation are discussed here in light of ultrastructural evidence. Host and fungal characteristics in the incompatible interactions include the rapid formation of lignin in host epidermal cell walls, failure of penetration pegs to invade lignin-fortified pectin layers, the inhibition of subcuticular hyphal proliferation and the collapse of hyphae that have degraded cell walls within pectin layers of the host. Apoptosis-like host resistant mechanism is also discussed.

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Section: Mode Of Action Of Alternaria and Stemphylium Host-specific Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any data concerning any association were only circumstantial. To further examine any possible association, a cytochemical method using pyroantimonate fixation was used in a subsequent experiment (Park et al 1987b). Some cellular ions of plant cells can be visualized using pyroantimonate fixation with EM.…”

Section: Sites Of Ion Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural analysis of responses of host and fungal cells during plant infection

Park

Ikeda

2007

J Gen Plant Pathol

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“…It was observed in an ultrastructural study of AK-toxin I-treated Japanese pear leaves that a large number of exocytotic Golgi vesicles appeared to specifically fuse on invaginated plasma membranes of the susceptible pear cells, suggesting that the formation of plasmalemmal invaginations was associated with the exocytotic Golgi vesicles15). Additionally, Park et al 14) described in the study of the modifications caused by AK-toxin I that the ions in the susceptible cells were leached from the plasma membranes in the vicinity of plasmodesmata by the toxin treatment. They concluded that the ion-leakage was associated with the plasma membrane modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slightly Damaged Type of Plasma Membrane Modification in Strawberry Leaves Treated with AF-Toxin I Produced by Alternaria alternata Strawberry Pathotype.

Park

Lee

Ohno

et al. 1992

Jpn. J. Phytopathol.

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Plasma membrane modifications in AF-toxin I-treated susceptible strawberry leaves were similar to those in AK-toxin I-treated susceptible Japanese pear leaves, but the former was slightly different in ultrastructural features from the latter. The modifications due to AF-toxin I had the characteristic features in ultrastructure as follows: 1) the specific occurrence of small plasmalemmal invaginations at plasmodesmata, 2) the accumulation of scanty polysaccharide-components and a small amount of membranous fragments into the invaginated spaces between the cell walls and the plasma membranes, 3) the appearance of a moderate number of exocytotic Golgi vesicles, and 4) the relatively low incidence of the invaginations. The AF-toxin I-induced modifications were recognized as the slightly damaged type of plasma membrane modifications while the AK-toxin I-induced modifications as the severely damaged type. The results suggested that the effects of AF-toxin I on susceptible strawberry cells were different in some ways from those of AK-toxin I on susceptible Japanese pear cells. In addition, the leakage-sites of tissue-ions were examined in AF-toxin I-treated strawberry leaves, using both antimonate-fixation method and analytical electron microscopy. As the results, it was proved that Na and Mg ions were leaked from the plasma membranes in the vicinity of plasmodesmata at which the modifications specifically occurred in AF-toxin I-treated susceptible cells. This indicated that the slightly damaged type of plasma membrane modifications caused by AF-toxin I in susceptible strawberry leaves was closely associated with the electrolyte-leakage as well as the severely damaged type of plasma membrane modifications caused by AK-toxin I in susceptible Japanese pear leaves.

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“…They confirmed it by using precipitation method and analytical electron microscopy and reported deposition of magnesium ions immediately after exposure to toxin. The deposition ofMg and Na ions was reported for AK -toxin and AF -toxin (Park et al, 1987).…”

Section: Mode Of Action Of Phytotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Advances in Molecular Biology of Phytotoxin Production and Its Involvement in Plant Pathogenesis

Samiyappan¹,

Balasubramanian²,

Babu³

et al. 2002

Advances in Microbial Toxin Research and Its Biotechnological Exploitation

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Leakage of sodium ions from plasma membrane modification, associated with permeability change, in host cells treated with a host-specific toxin from a Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Ultrastructural analysis of responses of host and fungal cells during plant infection

Ultrastructural analysis of responses of host and fungal cells during plant infection

Slightly Damaged Type of Plasma Membrane Modification in Strawberry Leaves Treated with AF-Toxin I Produced by Alternaria alternata Strawberry Pathotype.

Advances in Molecular Biology of Phytotoxin Production and Its Involvement in Plant Pathogenesis

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