Leakage-type-based analysis of accidents involving hydrogen fueling stations in Japan and USA

Sakamoto, Junji; Sato, Ryunosuke; Nakayama, Jo; Kasai, Naoya; Shibutani, Tadahiro; Miyake, Akira

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.060

Cited by 121 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A thorough analysis of incidents and accidents occurred at Japan's at hydrogen refueling stations between 2005 and 2014 shows that out of 21 incidents and accidents, 14 were in the form of "Leakage II", namely leakage from flanges, valves, and seals (including deteriorated nonmetallic seals), with most said leak incidents caused by inadequate torque and sealing. [14] The only explosion, recorded in a highly compressed hydrogen energy generator, was due to a design error, and the single burst, in a filling hose, again due to design error (fatigue). [14] The aforementioned analysis of incidents and accidents at Japan's HRS, led scholars to conclude that to address the main cause of leakage I, poorly planned fatigue, it is very important to adequately consider the usage environment in the design.…”

Section: Incidents and Accidents At Hydrogen Refueling Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14] The only explosion, recorded in a highly compressed hydrogen energy generator, was due to a design error, and the single burst, in a filling hose, again due to design error (fatigue). [14] The aforementioned analysis of incidents and accidents at Japan's HRS, led scholars to conclude that to address the main cause of leakage I, poorly planned fatigue, it is very important to adequately consider the usage environment in the design. Since leakage II is mostly caused by screw joints, welded joints of suitable strength and reduction in pipe thickness are recommended.…”

Section: Incidents and Accidents At Hydrogen Refueling Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, since the main cause of leakage III is human error, safety measures should be developed to prevent human error by FCEV users. [14] On June 10 2019, an unmanned HRS in Norway burned for almost 3 h, following ignition and an initial explosion. Neither the low pressure nor the high pressure hydrogen tanks exploded.…”

Section: Incidents and Accidents At Hydrogen Refueling Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Safety and Sustainability

Pagliaro¹,

Iulianelli²

2020

Gen. Chem.

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In June 2019, two hydrogen-related accidents occurred independently at a hydrogen refueling station in Norway and at a chemical plant in California while filling a truck due to supply the fuel at stations in California. The accidents raised questions about the safety and reliability of hydrogen for powering both fuel cell electric vehicles and buildings. As a preventive measure, for instance, Germany and Norway closed the hydrogen refueling stations from the same manufacturer of Norway accident, while the hydrogen manufacturer in California ceased supply of hydrogen fuel for more than three months. It is significant to review the outcomes of the two accidents in the context of the emerging solar economy, in which H2 is locally produced from water via simple electrolysis using renewable electricity. This study provides an insight and selected recommendations aiming at hydrogen companies, professionals and trainers and educators in renewable energy and clean technology.

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Section: Incidents and Accidents At Hydrogen Refueling Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidents and Accidents At Hydrogen Refueling Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidents and Accidents At Hydrogen Refueling Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Safety and Sustainability

Pagliaro¹,

Iulianelli²

2020

Gen. Chem.

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“…The safety and reliability of this crucial component directly affects the security of the entire hydrogen system. An accident analysis of the hydrogen refueling stations in the USA and Japan revealed that more than 20% of all accidents were related to valve seal leakage [12]. Moreover, based on investigations conducted by the hydrogen-station operators in China, the check valve, among all components in high-pressure hydrogen refueling stations, has a high probability to fail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Flow Characteristic of High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas in Check Valve during the Opening Process

Zhao

Zheng

et al. 2020

Energies

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In high-pressure hydrogen systems, the check valve is one of the most easy-to-damage components. Generally, the high-pressure hydrogen flow can generate a strong impact on the check valve, which can cause damage and failure. Therefore, it is useful to study the transient flow characteristics of the high-pressure hydrogen flow in check valves. Using dynamic mesh generation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) real hydrogen gas model, a transient-flow model of the high-pressure hydrogen for the check valve is established. First, the flow properties of high-pressure hydrogen during the opening process is investigated, and velocity changes and pressure distribution of hydrogen gas flow are studied. In addition, the fluid force, acceleration, and velocity of the valve spool are analyzed quantitatively. Subsequently, the effect of the hydrogen inlet-pressure on the movement characteristic of the valve spool is investigated. The results of this study can improve both the design and applications of check valves in high-pressure hydrogen systems.

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“…The issue of hydrogen safety is associated with leakage, as well as the induced damage (fire/explosion) on humans and the environment. In Sakamoto et al, the causes of leakage accidents were classified into six categories, namely, structural damage and fracture, connector failure, human error, external impact, and others. External impacts, such as strikes or traffic accidents, flaws in the main body, and the failure of insulation and/or the relief valve (can incur significant inner pressure rise) can lead to the structural failure of the container.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plume dispersion behaviour and hazard identification for large quantities of liquid hydrogen leakage

Shao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier. The primary issue of hydrogen utilisation is safety in various scenarios for the coming hydrogen economy. This study focuses on liquid hydrogen leakage, which is typically induced by structural failure in refuelling stations and transit vehicles. In the present study, the authors reveal the plume dispersion behaviour and the underlying mechanism from a macro perspective and identify the associated hazards in the whole dispersion history. These problems have drawn little attention in previous studies. A numerical investigation was conducted, and the flow-field data were deeply investigated, which were insufficient in the previous experiment. The local turbulence and mixing induced by the temperature difference was revealed to be the major cause of hydrogen dispersion. The lift force induced by the density difference enhanced the dispersion. The dispersion behaviour was classified into three phases: the dense-gas phase, rise phase, and passive phase. The rise phase is the major one for cryogenic hydrogen dispersion. The frostbite hazard can be ignored, owing to insufficient exposure duration. For wind velocities of 2.2, 5.0, and 10.0 m/s, the durations of the hazardous cloud are 56, 51, and 47 s, respectively. The maximum heights of the hazardous cloud are 23.6, 12.1, and 6.2 m, respectively. There is a high fire/explosion probability in the dense-gas phase and a low probability in the latter two phases.

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Leakage-type-based analysis of accidents involving hydrogen fueling stations in Japan and USA

Cited by 121 publications

References 28 publications

Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Safety and Sustainability

Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Safety and Sustainability

Transient Flow Characteristic of High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas in Check Valve during the Opening Process

Plume dispersion behaviour and hazard identification for large quantities of liquid hydrogen leakage

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