“…A few recent studies reported that lean implementing and sustaining in the garment industry in developing countries is complicated (Hamja et al , 2021; Hoque et al , 2020; Hamja et al , 2019). Studies identified many reasons for lean failure in garment supplier factories, such as lack of top management commitment, learning culture, employee empowerment, training and skills, worker involvement, limited resources, inappropriate method, resistance to change and so on (Hamja et al , 2021; Robertsone et al , 2021; Hasan et al , 2020). However, no earlier studies explored the buyer–supplier dyadic role in mitigating lean challenges in typical or pandemic situations.…”