Lean R&D: An Agile Research and Development Approach for Digital Transformation

Towards Perspective-Based Specification of Machine Learning-Enabled Systems

“…This needs to be considered from early stages of ML software development. Based on a literature review [12], practical experiences [9], and an initial validation of the ML specification concerns [13], we presented our work towards an approach for specifying ML-enabled systems considering five different perspectives: objectives, UX, infrastructure, model, and data. The main contribution of this paper is to provide two new artifacts that can be used to help specifying ML-enabled systems: (i) the perspective-based ML task and concern diagram and (ii) the ML requirements specification template.…”

“…The proposed perspective-based approach provides two artifacts to support the specification of ML-enabled systems: (i) a perspective-based ML task and concern diagram to be analyzed; and (ii) a specification template to be filled. These artifacts were designed based on findings from a literature review [12], industrial experiences [9], and an initial validation of the ML concerns [13]. While the literature review showed us how ML could benefit from the RE perspective, what particular properties and research opportunities could be addressed, our industrial experience allowed us to understand how ML works in practice from early to final stages.…”

“…The approach relies on a set of concerns grouped into five perspectives: objectives, user experience, infrastructure, model, and data. The approach, built based on the literature [12], industrial experiences working on ML-enabled systems [9], and an initial industrial validation of relevant concerns [13], covers relevant perspectives and practical concerns that have not been considered as part of related work (e.g., [5], [10], [11]).…”

A systematic mapping study and practitioner insights on the use of software engineering practices to develop MVPs

“…The entire procedure is detailed in our online repository. 1 The authors were aware of one additional study that was not retrieved by the search strategy [8] and analyzed the reason for missing it. Although it concerned software-based MVPs and was indexed in Scopus, the paper did not use the term "software" in its abstract.…”

“…For the same reason, only short descriptions of the purpose of these projects were provided Table 4.2. Nonetheless, all of these projects were innovation projects and used the concept of building MVPs with subsequent increments, which was part of the Lean R&D agile research and development approach in place at ExACTa [8]. It is noteworthy that participants of both focus group sessions had experience with developing MVPs in ten different projects.…”