Learned societies in Finland 2018

Abstract

Learned societies are important actors in the scientific community along with other organisations, such as universities and research institutes. However, only fragmented research exists on their current forms of operation. The operating environment of learned societies is in change with the objective to move towards open scientific publishing. The aim of this study was to collect information on learned societies operating in Finland, and their organisation and activities. The research was conducted in cooperation of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies (TSV) and Tampere University.
 In 2018, TSV had a membership of 278 societies and four academies. The exact number of learned societies in Finland is unknown, as not all learned societies are members of the Federation. This study examined the role of learned societies as academic publishers in Finland. Two Finnish publication databases were used in the analysis (the Publication Forum’s publication register and the VIRTA publication information service). TSV’s member societies published 54% of Finnish publication channels and 56% of the Finnish peer-reviewed publications produced by Finnish universities in 2011–2017. The corresponding share of other learned societies was 16%.
 The activities of TSV’s member societies were studied more broadly with a survey questionnaire and interviews. TSV’s member societies (282) were sent an online survey, which gained 115 responses (a response rate of 41%). In addition, seven respondents that represented different learned societies were interviewed. The majority of the questionnaire respondents stated that the main objective of the society they represented was to promote a specific academic discipline and field of research. The most common sources of income for the societies were membership fees and publishing subsidy from TSV. Volunteer work plays a major role in the activities of learned societies, as an average of 70% of work was done without remuneration. The most common benefits for the members of the learned societies were the opportunity to participate in the society’s events, a newsletter and a discount/exemption from participation fees for events or journal subscription fees. More than 60% of the respondents were concerned about a decline in their society’s membership.
 Typical activities of the societies were the organisation of seminars and other academic events, societal influencing and publishing. Approximately 70% of the societies’ publications were in Finnish. About a quarter of the societies stated that they supported research in some way (e.g. by funding research). 90% of the respondent societies maintained contact with other Finnish societies and 74% with foreign or international societies. Other typical cooperation partners included universities, other higher education institutions and research institutes.
 More than 40% of the societies plan to launch new activities in the future. Many activities, like publishing and organising seminars, will remain core functions. The societies see that, in the future, it is important to invest more in support for young researchers, digital communication, interdisciplinarity, cooperation and international activities. Based on this study, it can be concluded that learned societies play an important role in the Finnish scientific community both as publishers and actors in society. Therefore, it is important to resolve the issues of open publishing to avoid jeopardising the financial capability of learned societies.

Beyond borders: Examining the role of national learned societies in the social sciences and humanities

“…The first dataset was collected in Finland from Finnish learned societies in 2019. Korkeamäki et al (2019) reported the survey results covering all disciplines. We extracted responses from societies representing SSH fields from the Finnish dataset for further analysis.…”

“…Learned societies typically do not carry out research themselves. Instead, they support research carried out by universities and research institutes (Delicado et al, 2014; Korkeamäki et al, 2019). Some learned societies actively participate in activities such as data collection, providing research funding, and maintaining local libraries (Korkeamäki et al, 2019).…”

“…Instead, they support research carried out by universities and research institutes (Delicado et al, 2014; Korkeamäki et al, 2019). Some learned societies actively participate in activities such as data collection, providing research funding, and maintaining local libraries (Korkeamäki et al, 2019). Moreover, these societies contribute to the professional development of early career researchers by granting awards, offering research and travel grants, and facilitating internships.…”

“…Moreover, the open access (OA) movement leads to a situation where access to a society journal no longer serves as a compelling incentive for membership (Fyfe, 2022; Hewitt et al, 2017; Nicholas et al, 2005). Yet, in certain countries, learned societies still maintain significant control over the national journal landscape, especially in SSH (Late et al, 2020) and play pivotal roles beyond journal publication and conference organization (Delicado et al, 2014; Hewitt et al, 2017; Korkeamäki et al, 2019). According to Bennett (2013), learned societies in the sciences have been able to digitalise their publishing, whereas societies in the humanities are following in their footsteps.…”

Väsynyt, mutta onnellinen

“…Jotta tieteellisten seurojen jäsenyys on houkutteleva sen kaikille jäsenille, niin olemassa oleville kuin potentiaalisillekin, tulee seurojen toiminnan kehittyä ja vastata erilaisten jäsenten toiveisiin. (Korkeamäki & al. 2019.…”