“…Many research findings confirm that motivation correlates with students' achievement or academic performances (Syafrizal et al, 2020;Alhadi & Saputra, 2017;Nasihah & Cahyono, 2017;Pajares, 2003;Salikin et al, 2017;Xia & Zhenghou, 2015). Further, research investigating the link between motivation and learner autonomy has been conducted by many scholars in second or foreign language learning (Nguyen &Nguyen, 2023;Bravo et al, 2017;Chan et al, 2009;Dickinson, 1995;Jianfeng et al, 2018;Liu, 2015;Spratt et al, 2002;Wang & Ryan, 2020).…”