“…Other studies focused on peer feedback within e-Tandem settings (e.g., Fondo Garcia & Appel, 2016;Sotillo, 2005;Ware & O'Dowd, 2008), task design (e.g., Fondo Garcia & Appel, 2016), and the advantages of telecollaboration as preparation for study abroad programs (e.g., Kinginger, 2016). Its opportunities for fostering intercultural learning and cross-cultural communication (e.g., Hedderich, 1996;Jin & Erben, 2007;O'Dowd, 2003O'Dowd, , 2013Ware & Kramsch, 2005) have been widely researched too and so have been learners' perspectives on e-Tandem learning (e.g., El-Hariri, 2016;Tian & Wang, 2010). It has also been approached with a social-interactive view of autonomy based on Vygotsky's perspective of sociocultural theory (e.g., Schwienhorst, 2003;Sung & Poole, 2017), and the affective dimension of e-Tandem language learning was also discussed in papers with a focus on motivation (e.g., Appel & Gilabert, 2002;Little, 2006;Turula, 2017;Ushioda, 2000); however, to our knowledge, no studies to date have investigated the links between learning through such an exchange scheme and FLE (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014, which is the focus of our study.…”